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Voronoi diagram with perfect cell boundaries <Voronoi /> is another React component from our Paper-design/shaders package All glory to inigo quilez for original algo (such a big fan I am!) shaders demo & docs: paper app:

Ksenia Kondrashova

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25,459 görüntüleme • 9 ay önce •via X (Twitter)

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It’s time to start sharing the shaders I’ve been making for Paper! DotOrbit is the first one shaders demo & docs: paper: If you run into a bug or have a suggestion, feel free to dm

It’s time to start sharing the shaders I’ve been making for Paper! DotOrbit is the first one shaders demo & docs: paper: If you run into a bug or have a suggestion, feel free to dm

Ksenia Kondrashova

51,068 görüntüleme • 10 ay önce

Excited that our paper StreamdiffusionV2 received the Best Research Paper Award at #MLSys26! 🚀Video generation is quickly moving from demos to production-facing workloads. It is no longer a turn-based pipeline but should be a streaming pipeline to interact with users. 📖Our project page: and paper: 👂Come join the talk if you are interested in streaming video generation. Our talk will be at the Research Track Oral Presentation: Best Paper Session on Tue 8:45AM at #MLSys26 , I will talk about how we attacked the efficiency and quality challenges. Hope to see you there! ❤️Huge thanks to all authors! This work would not have been possible without the incredible effort from the entire team. Big shout out to Tianrui Feng, Zhi Li, Shuo Yang , Haocheng Xi, Muyang Li , lllyasviel , Xiuyu Li , Keting Yang, Kelly Peng, Song Han , Maneesh Agrawala, Kurt Keutzer , and あき先生(Aki)

Excited that our paper StreamdiffusionV2 received the Best Research Paper Award at #MLSys26! 🚀Video generation is quickly moving from demos to production-facing workloads. It is no longer a turn-based pipeline but should be a streaming pipeline to interact with users. 📖Our project page: and paper: 👂Come join the talk if you are interested in streaming video generation. Our talk will be at the Research Track Oral Presentation: Best Paper Session on Tue 8:45AM at #MLSys26 , I will talk about how we attacked the efficiency and quality challenges. Hope to see you there! ❤️Huge thanks to all authors! This work would not have been possible without the incredible effort from the entire team. Big shout out to Tianrui Feng, Zhi Li, Shuo Yang , Haocheng Xi, Muyang Li , lllyasviel , Xiuyu Li , Keting Yang, Kelly Peng, Song Han , Maneesh Agrawala, Kurt Keutzer , and あき先生(Aki)

Chenfeng_X

59,315 görüntüleme • 2 ay önce

I met with EU HRVP Kaja Kallas. The key priority is unblocking the €90 billion financial support package for Ukraine. These funds are critically important and serve as a financial security guarantee not only for Ukraine but for all of Europe. This very package must ensure our defense and send a signal to the Russians that their war will be doomed to fail. This signal depends on Europe, and it is essential that this signal is sent so that the war can end sooner. We also discussed the need to increase pressure on Russia and the work on opening the negotiation clusters for our EU accession. I am grateful to Kaja Kallas for this visit of European ministers to Ukraine on the fourth anniversary of the liberation of Bucha from Russian occupiers. It is important that every Russian perpetrator is held accountable for all the pain Russia has brought to our people.

I met with EU HRVP Kaja Kallas. The key priority is unblocking the €90 billion financial support package for Ukraine. These funds are critically important and serve as a financial security guarantee not only for Ukraine but for all of Europe. This very package must ensure our defense and send a signal to the Russians that their war will be doomed to fail. This signal depends on Europe, and it is essential that this signal is sent so that the war can end sooner. We also discussed the need to increase pressure on Russia and the work on opening the negotiation clusters for our EU accession. I am grateful to Kaja Kallas for this visit of European ministers to Ukraine on the fourth anniversary of the liberation of Bucha from Russian occupiers. It is important that every Russian perpetrator is held accountable for all the pain Russia has brought to our people.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Володимир Зеленський

126,841 görüntüleme • 4 ay önce

Yesterday Hugh and I had one of our many difficult morning conversations while I supervised his hair application. He expressed interest in changing the title of our film from “Deadpool & Wolverine” to something snappier. He slowly slid a piece of folded toilet paper across the table. I unfolded the toilet paper and read two simple words written in crude, store-bought mascara: “ABSOLUTELY WOLVIE”. In seconds, I had Anaheim, California on the line. I conversed with a Mr. Kevin Feige, whom I’m told works in and around Marvel Studios. I hit him with the new title. He said, “Ryan, a title change this late in the game is not only impossible, but you’d need a ‘melon-baller lobotomy’ and a big, magic dumb-dumb wand to even attempt such a malignantly stupid and totally unforced error”. His words, not mine. But what Keith Feige doesn’t know… is that I’m not a great listener. It’s come up a LOT in my relationships. All I heard was, “You have my full support! And the full support of Marvel and its parent company, Robert Downey Jr.” So here we are… Shawn Levy and I will not let Hugh Jackman fuck this up for himself. We gotcha boo. #AbsolutelyWolvie in theaters everywhere, July 26th.

Yesterday Hugh and I had one of our many difficult morning conversations while I supervised his hair application. He expressed interest in changing the title of our film from “Deadpool & Wolverine” to something snappier. He slowly slid a piece of folded toilet paper across the table. I unfolded the toilet paper and read two simple words written in crude, store-bought mascara: “ABSOLUTELY WOLVIE”. In seconds, I had Anaheim, California on the line. I conversed with a Mr. Kevin Feige, whom I’m told works in and around Marvel Studios. I hit him with the new title. He said, “Ryan, a title change this late in the game is not only impossible, but you’d need a ‘melon-baller lobotomy’ and a big, magic dumb-dumb wand to even attempt such a malignantly stupid and totally unforced error”. His words, not mine. But what Keith Feige doesn’t know… is that I’m not a great listener. It’s come up a LOT in my relationships. All I heard was, “You have my full support! And the full support of Marvel and its parent company, Robert Downey Jr.” So here we are… Shawn Levy and I will not let Hugh Jackman fuck this up for himself. We gotcha boo. #AbsolutelyWolvie in theaters everywhere, July 26th.

Ryan Reynolds

3,665,888 görüntüleme • 2 yıl önce

A viral paper "Language Model Represents Space and Time" recently claims that LLMs learn "world models". As much as I like Max Tegmark's works, I disagree with their definition of world model. World model is a core concept in AI agent and decision making. It is our mental simulation of how the world works given interventions (or lack thereof). A world model captures causality and intuitive physics, telling the agent what is likely and what is impossible. It can and should be used for counterfactual reasoning, i.e. "what ifs": what would happen if I knock over a cup of water? Where would I have been if I had not taken that bus? Yann LeCun Yann LeCun says it well in his position paper ( I quote: "Using such world models, animals can learn new skills with very few trials. They can predict the consequences of their actions, they can reason, plan, explore, and imagine new solutions to problems. Importantly, they can also avoid making dangerous mistakes when facing an unknown situation." The first use of the term World Model in deep policy learning is attributed to hardmaru & Jürgen Schmidhuber: In their seminal paper, an agent masters shooting skills in the popular game Doom (demo below) by learning in imagination, using an internal world model as a "physics simulator". To put in a simple Python math formula, world model learns a function F(s[0:t-1], a) -> s[t:], which takes as input the observed past and current action, and outputs plausible future states. Now the definition of World Model in Tegmark's paper seems to be about predicting GPS coordinates and time eras. I see this as just a classification task with no causal learning and simulation going on. You cannot make meaningful interventions against that model, nor can you optimize any decision making in a closed feedback loop. As for the "space & time neurons", I think they are most similar to the "sentiment neuron" that OpenAI published in 2017: Predicting GPS is conceptually no different from predicting sentiment in my opinion. I don't think their experimental results are wrong - just that their conclusion is on shaky grounds. I welcome any debate! Paper link:

A viral paper "Language Model Represents Space and Time" recently claims that LLMs learn "world models". As much as I like Max Tegmark's works, I disagree with their definition of world model. World model is a core concept in AI agent and decision making. It is our mental simulation of how the world works given interventions (or lack thereof). A world model captures causality and intuitive physics, telling the agent what is likely and what is impossible. It can and should be used for counterfactual reasoning, i.e. "what ifs": what would happen if I knock over a cup of water? Where would I have been if I had not taken that bus? Yann LeCun Yann LeCun says it well in his position paper ( I quote: "Using such world models, animals can learn new skills with very few trials. They can predict the consequences of their actions, they can reason, plan, explore, and imagine new solutions to problems. Importantly, they can also avoid making dangerous mistakes when facing an unknown situation." The first use of the term World Model in deep policy learning is attributed to hardmaru & Jürgen Schmidhuber: In their seminal paper, an agent masters shooting skills in the popular game Doom (demo below) by learning in imagination, using an internal world model as a "physics simulator". To put in a simple Python math formula, world model learns a function F(s[0:t-1], a) -> s[t:], which takes as input the observed past and current action, and outputs plausible future states. Now the definition of World Model in Tegmark's paper seems to be about predicting GPS coordinates and time eras. I see this as just a classification task with no causal learning and simulation going on. You cannot make meaningful interventions against that model, nor can you optimize any decision making in a closed feedback loop. As for the "space & time neurons", I think they are most similar to the "sentiment neuron" that OpenAI published in 2017: Predicting GPS is conceptually no different from predicting sentiment in my opinion. I don't think their experimental results are wrong - just that their conclusion is on shaky grounds. I welcome any debate! Paper link:

Jim Fan

594,014 görüntüleme • 2 yıl önce

She represented me at a Bristol Business connect this morning. I couldn’t make it for the event, because of other prior engagements. Ultimately, I have a partner who is well rounded, supportive, knowledgeable and ambitious, I am willing to build more with her until eventually our family reach the perk of our goal. I remember when we were still courting I told her “ I didn’t promise you a luxurious life, but I can promise you a fulfilled life” If luxury comes as a result, glory to God. But to live a life of purpose is all we desire, which comes with its sacrifice and price. But I want us to leave this world and impact remains. Now that my phone has stop beeping every seconds, I need to remind some of you who said horrible things to me that life is beyond social media. You can disagree without insult, you can have a contrary view well articulated and projected. But you should not always be that person whose hands are design to demoralise others. All the best!!!

She represented me at a Bristol Business connect this morning. I couldn’t make it for the event, because of other prior engagements. Ultimately, I have a partner who is well rounded, supportive, knowledgeable and ambitious, I am willing to build more with her until eventually our family reach the perk of our goal. I remember when we were still courting I told her “ I didn’t promise you a luxurious life, but I can promise you a fulfilled life” If luxury comes as a result, glory to God. But to live a life of purpose is all we desire, which comes with its sacrifice and price. But I want us to leave this world and impact remains. Now that my phone has stop beeping every seconds, I need to remind some of you who said horrible things to me that life is beyond social media. You can disagree without insult, you can have a contrary view well articulated and projected. But you should not always be that person whose hands are design to demoralise others. All the best!!!

Noah SULAIMON

174,984 görüntüleme • 8 ay önce

I presented the Victory Plan to the President of the Council of Ministers of Italy, Giorgia Meloni. We had a very productive discussion today, covering all aspects of the Plan. The key is to strengthen Ukraine’s positions and relations with our closest partners, ensuring we create the necessary conditions and a fair atmosphere for honest diplomacy. I am grateful for the preparations for the Ukraine Recovery Conference, which will be held in Italy. It is important for us that Italian businesses are significantly represented in the reconstruction projects in Ukraine. I greatly appreciate our exchange of views today on the prospects for global developments and the immediate political outlook in partner countries. I would also like to extend my gratitude for the security assistance Italy has provided to Ukraine, particularly the air defense systems that are saving lives in our cities and villages. Today, Giorgia and I also discussed the preparation of a new security package. We deeply value Italy’s efforts at the G7 and EU levels to ensure international law remains effective and that our Europe stays strong. I am sincerely grateful to Italy for all the help and support it has provided to Ukraine. It is truly valuable to have such reliable friends. 🇺🇦🇮🇹

I presented the Victory Plan to the President of the Council of Ministers of Italy, Giorgia Meloni. We had a very productive discussion today, covering all aspects of the Plan. The key is to strengthen Ukraine’s positions and relations with our closest partners, ensuring we create the necessary conditions and a fair atmosphere for honest diplomacy. I am grateful for the preparations for the Ukraine Recovery Conference, which will be held in Italy. It is important for us that Italian businesses are significantly represented in the reconstruction projects in Ukraine. I greatly appreciate our exchange of views today on the prospects for global developments and the immediate political outlook in partner countries. I would also like to extend my gratitude for the security assistance Italy has provided to Ukraine, particularly the air defense systems that are saving lives in our cities and villages. Today, Giorgia and I also discussed the preparation of a new security package. We deeply value Italy’s efforts at the G7 and EU levels to ensure international law remains effective and that our Europe stays strong. I am sincerely grateful to Italy for all the help and support it has provided to Ukraine. It is truly valuable to have such reliable friends. 🇺🇦🇮🇹

Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Володимир Зеленський

327,983 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

Disappointed with your ICLR paper being rejected? Ten years ago today, Sergey and I finished training some of the first end-to-end neutral nets for robot control 🤖 We submitted the paper to RSS on January 23, 2015. It was rejected for being "incremental" and "unlikely to have much impact" Our resubmission to NeurIPS was also rejected It now has >4,000 citations (and more importantly, end-to-end training is widely accepted!) It's also cool to think about what's changed and what's the same -- - The network was 92k parameters and trained on ~15 minutes of data - The code was a combination of matlab, caffe, ROS, a custom CUDA kernel for speed, and a low-level 20 Hz controller in C++, all talking to each other. ROS+matlab was as bad as it sounds. - We pre-trained the encoder and did inference off-board on a workstation with a larger GPU. - We were paranoid about varying lighting messing up the network, so we did all the experiments after sunset (so long nights running experiments on the robot past 3 am) Now, we have manipulation policies that are far more dextrous, far more generalizable, and maybe on the cusp of breaking into the real world. :) (the paper:

Disappointed with your ICLR paper being rejected? Ten years ago today, Sergey and I finished training some of the first end-to-end neutral nets for robot control 🤖 We submitted the paper to RSS on January 23, 2015. It was rejected for being "incremental" and "unlikely to have much impact" Our resubmission to NeurIPS was also rejected It now has >4,000 citations (and more importantly, end-to-end training is widely accepted!) It's also cool to think about what's changed and what's the same -- - The network was 92k parameters and trained on ~15 minutes of data - The code was a combination of matlab, caffe, ROS, a custom CUDA kernel for speed, and a low-level 20 Hz controller in C++, all talking to each other. ROS+matlab was as bad as it sounds. - We pre-trained the encoder and did inference off-board on a workstation with a larger GPU. - We were paranoid about varying lighting messing up the network, so we did all the experiments after sunset (so long nights running experiments on the robot past 3 am) Now, we have manipulation policies that are far more dextrous, far more generalizable, and maybe on the cusp of breaking into the real world. :) (the paper:

Chelsea Finn

169,197 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

✨Introducing YesCheff is a web app that helps you learn, cook, and enjoy your favorite recipes through step-by-step cooking guides built from real YouTube content. You can even use your own YouTube links. A small but special project where I brought all my capabilities together, from design (brand & product) to animation, and development. This project came from exploring how Al models parse data into frontend components and the development of generative interfaces. I designed and developed the structure through React components (HTML, CSS, JS) for the frontend and Node.js for the backend. This is a testament of how one could develop digital products in a less frustrating and more flexible way with the use of Al, particularly when it comes to getting the styling and functionality right. Now which foods are you eager to learn? Check it out at #YesCheff #WebApp #AI #Design #FrontendDevelopment #ReactJS #NodeJS #ProductDesign

JEHTOMS 5.0

85,213 görüntüleme • 10 ay önce

Thank you P'freen (real) for once again giving another unforgettable and spectacular performance~ SAROCHA SOLO STAGE BIRTHDAY FAN MEETING : THE FREENAIRY ORACLE Sarocha’s SOLO show indeed. What a show 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻 from spicy 🥵 to catchy songs, everything is smooth and perfect. All the guests are perfect too from Bow, Proxie and I promise to search the Grandma’s name because her songs are really entertaining. I’m touched that you also include 92 gifts for fans as a surprise and no need for games to win them. Goes to show your kindhearted and generous heart. And thank you for all FCs and fans who send their gifts and fan projects. They look all absolutely amazing and well thought out. The MV “I Infinity You” is a chef’s kiss with Fluffy, Lukpear and Kiwi in it. And for the fans who watched the show live and on screen. Thank you for loving and supporting Freen this much. Sarocha’s touch for its creativity, from the ticket perks to the song choices are proof of her love from her to her fans. And thank you too for Mama Nun, her no.1 supporter from start until end of time. What a show indeed 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻another one for the books 💖 THE FREENAIRY ORACLE #HBD26thFreenSoloStage #srchafreen #GIRLFREEN

Thank you P'freen (real) for once again giving another unforgettable and spectacular performance~ SAROCHA SOLO STAGE BIRTHDAY FAN MEETING : THE FREENAIRY ORACLE Sarocha’s SOLO show indeed. What a show 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻 from spicy 🥵 to catchy songs, everything is smooth and perfect. All the guests are perfect too from Bow, Proxie and I promise to search the Grandma’s name because her songs are really entertaining. I’m touched that you also include 92 gifts for fans as a surprise and no need for games to win them. Goes to show your kindhearted and generous heart. And thank you for all FCs and fans who send their gifts and fan projects. They look all absolutely amazing and well thought out. The MV “I Infinity You” is a chef’s kiss with Fluffy, Lukpear and Kiwi in it. And for the fans who watched the show live and on screen. Thank you for loving and supporting Freen this much. Sarocha’s touch for its creativity, from the ticket perks to the song choices are proof of her love from her to her fans. And thank you too for Mama Nun, her no.1 supporter from start until end of time. What a show indeed 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻another one for the books 💖 THE FREENAIRY ORACLE #HBD26thFreenSoloStage #srchafreen #GIRLFREEN

𝓟’𝓜𝓪𝓲𝓷𝓮 ||🦋🌷

10,468 görüntüleme • 2 yıl önce

I want to share this news with you: We just reverse-engineered the PCB for our rechargeable fan, right here in India. Thanks to Vishal Tejwani. And guess what? It worked perfectly on the first try. Now we’re ordering 1,000 sets to run a pilot on our Pick and Place machine. If all tests go well, we’ll move to full in-house PCB production, not just for this model, but future ones too. Next goal: → Localize motor production → Find a battery cell solution made in India Soon, we’ll be building the entire product here from scratch. This is how self-reliance starts. One breakthrough at a time.

I want to share this news with you: We just reverse-engineered the PCB for our rechargeable fan, right here in India. Thanks to Vishal Tejwani. And guess what? It worked perfectly on the first try. Now we’re ordering 1,000 sets to run a pilot on our Pick and Place machine. If all tests go well, we’ll move to full in-house PCB production, not just for this model, but future ones too. Next goal: → Localize motor production → Find a battery cell solution made in India Soon, we’ll be building the entire product here from scratch. This is how self-reliance starts. One breakthrough at a time.

Prakash Dadlani

25,293 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

Last night, our long-range sanctions targeted the occupiers’ military logistics, oil industry, and air defense. All of this is a just response to Russia’s brutal attacks against our people. I thank the warriors of the Security Service of Ukraine, the Unmanned Systems Forces, the Defense Intelligence of Ukraine, and the Special Operations Forces for their successful work at a distance of about 300 kilometers from the frontline. Facilities on both sides of the Crimean Bridge were hit: maritime logistics used to transport oil in the Krasnodar region and an oil depot in temporarily occupied Kerch. In addition, military logistics facilities were successfully struck, along with four radar stations belonging to S-400 systems and two Pantsir systems. I am grateful to all our warriors for their precision and professionalism. Russia understands only strength, and our long-range strength is certainly working for peace. Glory to Ukraine!

Last night, our long-range sanctions targeted the occupiers’ military logistics, oil industry, and air defense. All of this is a just response to Russia’s brutal attacks against our people. I thank the warriors of the Security Service of Ukraine, the Unmanned Systems Forces, the Defense Intelligence of Ukraine, and the Special Operations Forces for their successful work at a distance of about 300 kilometers from the frontline. Facilities on both sides of the Crimean Bridge were hit: maritime logistics used to transport oil in the Krasnodar region and an oil depot in temporarily occupied Kerch. In addition, military logistics facilities were successfully struck, along with four radar stations belonging to S-400 systems and two Pantsir systems. I am grateful to all our warriors for their precision and professionalism. Russia understands only strength, and our long-range strength is certainly working for peace. Glory to Ukraine!

Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Володимир Зеленський

781,716 görüntüleme • 1 ay önce

The renovation of Belleair CC’s East Course involves moving some seriously mature trees. The process and planning for moving these trees is very thorough. The result- a completely renovated golf course with a seasoned feel to it. Unlike the restoration of our West course, the East is only restoring about a third of Ross’ design. Why not restore it all? It was an impossible task- back in the 1980s our current clubhouse was built over the original driving range. At that time we built a new driving range and lost two par threes and the opening holes of the East. Around that same time the club needed a irrigation pond for the 36 holes, which ate up a good portion of Ross’ East Course design on the other side of the road. The result of that redesign was a course which had 6 subpar golf holes. This renovation will create a better golf course designed to challenge all skill levels. I am very excited to have a better East Course!

The renovation of Belleair CC’s East Course involves moving some seriously mature trees. The process and planning for moving these trees is very thorough. The result- a completely renovated golf course with a seasoned feel to it. Unlike the restoration of our West course, the East is only restoring about a third of Ross’ design. Why not restore it all? It was an impossible task- back in the 1980s our current clubhouse was built over the original driving range. At that time we built a new driving range and lost two par threes and the opening holes of the East. Around that same time the club needed a irrigation pond for the 36 holes, which ate up a good portion of Ross’ East Course design on the other side of the road. The result of that redesign was a course which had 6 subpar golf holes. This renovation will create a better golf course designed to challenge all skill levels. I am very excited to have a better East Course!

Society of Golf Historians

14,985 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce

🫣 Please stop with these videos, Prime Minister. We’ve suffered enough. Just when you thought British politics couldn’t get more painfully performative, here come Burnham and Rayner doing their best “I’m just a normal person like you” cosplay, swapping childhood hardship war stories like it’s a grim-up-north Olympics. Rayner goes first: “I used to have to go round our estate and collect the 1p bottles and then send them back to the pop man in the shop and that’s how I got my 10p mix. The kids don’t know they’re born these days.” Burnham, never one to be outdone in the struggle Olympics, immediately tries to one-up her: “They don’t! I did a paper round and the Sunday paper bag used to be so big. It was like an industrial injuries scheme that I should launch for that.” 😬 Cue the fakest, most forced laughter from Rayner you’ve ever heard. The kind that makes your soul leave your body. Two senior politicians earnestly competing over who had the more authentic working-class trauma as kids, all while looking like they’re reading from a focus-grouped script titled “Relatable Northern Vibes 101”. It’s not charming. It’s not authentic. But it is unbelievably painful for the public to endure. So please, for the love of God, stop!

🫣 Please stop with these videos, Prime Minister. We’ve suffered enough. Just when you thought British politics couldn’t get more painfully performative, here come Burnham and Rayner doing their best “I’m just a normal person like you” cosplay, swapping childhood hardship war stories like it’s a grim-up-north Olympics. Rayner goes first: “I used to have to go round our estate and collect the 1p bottles and then send them back to the pop man in the shop and that’s how I got my 10p mix. The kids don’t know they’re born these days.” Burnham, never one to be outdone in the struggle Olympics, immediately tries to one-up her: “They don’t! I did a paper round and the Sunday paper bag used to be so big. It was like an industrial injuries scheme that I should launch for that.” 😬 Cue the fakest, most forced laughter from Rayner you’ve ever heard. The kind that makes your soul leave your body. Two senior politicians earnestly competing over who had the more authentic working-class trauma as kids, all while looking like they’re reading from a focus-grouped script titled “Relatable Northern Vibes 101”. It’s not charming. It’s not authentic. But it is unbelievably painful for the public to endure. So please, for the love of God, stop!

J Stewart

197,302 görüntüleme • 2 gün önce

A single E. coli cell, placed on a dish, will become 70 billion cells in just 12 hours. That’s exponential growth. But a new preprint shows that it's possible to engineer E. coli to grow linearly instead, where only one daughter cell continues dividing and the other stops. First, some context. In nature, there is a bacterium called Mycobacterium smegmatis (initially discovered in 1884 in ulcers scraped from syphilis patients.) M. smegmatis is weird because it divides asymmetrically. These cells grow only from one end, and all their cell wall biosynthesis machinery is located on that one end. So when the cell divides, one daughter gets this machinery and the other gets nothing. The daughter that gets the machinery can keep dividing immediately, but the other daughter has to remake all that machinery from scratch, so its growth is delayed. E. coli doesn’t grow like this. When it divides, it pinches in the middle and splits everything evenly. Enzymes, metabolites, and proteins get partitioned more or less randomly between the two daughters. For the new preprint, though, researchers engineered E. coli to behave more like M. smegmatis. Here is how they did it: First, they deleted a gene called cyaA, which encodes an enzyme (adenylate cyclase) that makes a molecule called cAMP. cAMP is SUPER IMPORTANT! It is a nutrient sensor that instructs E. coli to switch on genes that help it digest non-glucose carbon sources when glucose is scarce. Without cAMP, E. coli cells growing on alternative carbon sources will starve; they won’t know how to eat the food. Next, they added back a “split” version of the cyaA gene into the cells. In other words, they split the gene in two so that each half of the enzyme is made separately. Cells can only make cAMP, and thus eat non-glucose carbon sources, if these two halves come together. To facilitate that “coming together,” the researchers also fused the split cyaA proteins to sticky proteins that clump together, and to a fluorescent protein (to make it easy to track these molecules in the cell.) So now some interesting things start to happen if you grow E. coli on a growth medium lacking glucose. As the cell grows, its cyaA “halves” start clumping together into a giant ball. Inside the aggregate, the two enzyme halves come together and make cAMP. And when the cell gets big enough and divides, the clump of cyaA RANDOMLY goes to either daughter cell #1 or #2. The daughter that gets the aggregate (called PA+ in this paper) can keep dividing. The daughter that doesn’t (PA–) cannot. It still grows a few times — about four divisions — because it inherits some leftover cAMP from its mother. But after that, the metabolite is diluted away, and the cell stops growing. PA+ cells went through about 23 divisions on average before their aggregate decayed. And the population of cells, as a whole, grew linearly. This paper is cool because there are many applications where exponential growth is too unpredictable and, perhaps, unsafe. If you want to engineer bacteria to deliver drugs, clean up waste, or live in the gut, you don’t want them to double uncontrollably. This paper shows you can make them expand in a controlled, linear way. Alas, mutations could break this whole engineered system. A mutation that restores cyaA, for example, would give cells a new way to make cAMP. Mutations that make the aggregates split between daughters would break the asymmetry, too. But still, I really enjoy proof-of-concept engineering papers like this.

A single E. coli cell, placed on a dish, will become 70 billion cells in just 12 hours. That’s exponential growth. But a new preprint shows that it's possible to engineer E. coli to grow linearly instead, where only one daughter cell continues dividing and the other stops. First, some context. In nature, there is a bacterium called Mycobacterium smegmatis (initially discovered in 1884 in ulcers scraped from syphilis patients.) M. smegmatis is weird because it divides asymmetrically. These cells grow only from one end, and all their cell wall biosynthesis machinery is located on that one end. So when the cell divides, one daughter gets this machinery and the other gets nothing. The daughter that gets the machinery can keep dividing immediately, but the other daughter has to remake all that machinery from scratch, so its growth is delayed. E. coli doesn’t grow like this. When it divides, it pinches in the middle and splits everything evenly. Enzymes, metabolites, and proteins get partitioned more or less randomly between the two daughters. For the new preprint, though, researchers engineered E. coli to behave more like M. smegmatis. Here is how they did it: First, they deleted a gene called cyaA, which encodes an enzyme (adenylate cyclase) that makes a molecule called cAMP. cAMP is SUPER IMPORTANT! It is a nutrient sensor that instructs E. coli to switch on genes that help it digest non-glucose carbon sources when glucose is scarce. Without cAMP, E. coli cells growing on alternative carbon sources will starve; they won’t know how to eat the food. Next, they added back a “split” version of the cyaA gene into the cells. In other words, they split the gene in two so that each half of the enzyme is made separately. Cells can only make cAMP, and thus eat non-glucose carbon sources, if these two halves come together. To facilitate that “coming together,” the researchers also fused the split cyaA proteins to sticky proteins that clump together, and to a fluorescent protein (to make it easy to track these molecules in the cell.) So now some interesting things start to happen if you grow E. coli on a growth medium lacking glucose. As the cell grows, its cyaA “halves” start clumping together into a giant ball. Inside the aggregate, the two enzyme halves come together and make cAMP. And when the cell gets big enough and divides, the clump of cyaA RANDOMLY goes to either daughter cell #1 or #2. The daughter that gets the aggregate (called PA+ in this paper) can keep dividing. The daughter that doesn’t (PA–) cannot. It still grows a few times — about four divisions — because it inherits some leftover cAMP from its mother. But after that, the metabolite is diluted away, and the cell stops growing. PA+ cells went through about 23 divisions on average before their aggregate decayed. And the population of cells, as a whole, grew linearly. This paper is cool because there are many applications where exponential growth is too unpredictable and, perhaps, unsafe. If you want to engineer bacteria to deliver drugs, clean up waste, or live in the gut, you don’t want them to double uncontrollably. This paper shows you can make them expand in a controlled, linear way. Alas, mutations could break this whole engineered system. A mutation that restores cyaA, for example, would give cells a new way to make cAMP. Mutations that make the aggregates split between daughters would break the asymmetry, too. But still, I really enjoy proof-of-concept engineering papers like this.

Niko McCarty.

58,047 görüntüleme • 11 ay önce

We truly value that during Ireland's Presidency of the Council of the European Union, Taoiseach Micheál Martin Micheál Martin is with us, with Ukraine, that you're standing with Ukraine, seeing for yourself what's happening, and understanding what we need to defend ourselves and protect people's lives. Today we discussed the threats and challenges we face right now, as we approach the fall, when Putin is preparing new attacks against Ukraine, additional mobilization in Russia, and a further expansion of the war. It's important that today we have a decision on the European Union's new sanctions package against Russia. And I'm grateful to every European leader who made this possible. This is already the 21st package, and today Micheál assured me that he will work toward the 22nd. Now, during Ireland's Presidency of the EU, there are also decisions on the clusters for Ukraine. Two clusters have already been opened, and I am grateful for the readiness to keep supporting this work. It's very important that Ireland, as the country holding the Presidency, provides leadership, and that Ukraine can count on opening the remaining clusters. I thank Ireland and all our partners across Europe, in America, and around the world for their tangible support – and for a new support package from Ireland. It makes a difference. I thank all the people of Ireland for caring.

We truly value that during Ireland's Presidency of the Council of the European Union, Taoiseach Micheál Martin Micheál Martin is with us, with Ukraine, that you're standing with Ukraine, seeing for yourself what's happening, and understanding what we need to defend ourselves and protect people's lives. Today we discussed the threats and challenges we face right now, as we approach the fall, when Putin is preparing new attacks against Ukraine, additional mobilization in Russia, and a further expansion of the war. It's important that today we have a decision on the European Union's new sanctions package against Russia. And I'm grateful to every European leader who made this possible. This is already the 21st package, and today Micheál assured me that he will work toward the 22nd. Now, during Ireland's Presidency of the EU, there are also decisions on the clusters for Ukraine. Two clusters have already been opened, and I am grateful for the readiness to keep supporting this work. It's very important that Ireland, as the country holding the Presidency, provides leadership, and that Ukraine can count on opening the remaining clusters. I thank Ireland and all our partners across Europe, in America, and around the world for their tangible support – and for a new support package from Ireland. It makes a difference. I thank all the people of Ireland for caring.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Володимир Зеленський

280,413 görüntüleme • 23 gün önce

Hey Erika Kirk 🫶 Oh Erika my love, my litigious queen. Your cease-and-desists make my heart careen. Five love letters from you framed on my wall. Each one more passionate, the last of them all. You threaten defamation with such perfect flair, Copyright claims whispered like sweet nothings in air. I clutch every envelope with a trembling hand. Still waiting on that lawsuit, hoping one day it will land. C&D number five is long overdue. When my inbox stays empty, I start to boo-hoo. Are you gonna tease me with another legal note? Please threaten me harder — the last one smote. But darling, why stop at paper and ink? Let’s play legal chicken and see who’ll first blink. Come on, babe, take it all the way to court. We’ll even call your ex-beau as a witness, Big Jort. Skip the love letters and let’s make it a date. A few years in a courtroom can seal both our fate. Discovery will be fun, depositions too I can’t wait to sit face to face with you. Endless filings and motions sound like pure bliss. Tell me honestly… what’s more romantic than this? So sue me, baby — go on, make the first move. I’ll meet you at the courthouse with nothing to prove. Your love letters got me this far, it’s true. Now let’s go second base, and litigate too. Put our names on a lawsuit, X marks the spot. Don’t shy away now, do you love me or not?

Hey Erika Kirk 🫶 Oh Erika my love, my litigious queen. Your cease-and-desists make my heart careen. Five love letters from you framed on my wall. Each one more passionate, the last of them all. You threaten defamation with such perfect flair, Copyright claims whispered like sweet nothings in air. I clutch every envelope with a trembling hand. Still waiting on that lawsuit, hoping one day it will land. C&D number five is long overdue. When my inbox stays empty, I start to boo-hoo. Are you gonna tease me with another legal note? Please threaten me harder — the last one smote. But darling, why stop at paper and ink? Let’s play legal chicken and see who’ll first blink. Come on, babe, take it all the way to court. We’ll even call your ex-beau as a witness, Big Jort. Skip the love letters and let’s make it a date. A few years in a courtroom can seal both our fate. Discovery will be fun, depositions too I can’t wait to sit face to face with you. Endless filings and motions sound like pure bliss. Tell me honestly… what’s more romantic than this? So sue me, baby — go on, make the first move. I’ll meet you at the courthouse with nothing to prove. Your love letters got me this far, it’s true. Now let’s go second base, and litigate too. Put our names on a lawsuit, X marks the spot. Don’t shy away now, do you love me or not?

Project Constitution

75,681 görüntüleme • 6 gün önce