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Watch Gemini 3 code a visualization of plasma flow in a tokamak and write a poem capturing the physics of fusion. ⬇️

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71,921 views • 7 months ago •via X (Twitter)

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Inside a fusion reactor built by Tokamak Energy, a company based in the United Kingdom. The streaks of green come from ionized lithium injected into the plasma.

Inside a fusion reactor built by Tokamak Energy, a company based in the United Kingdom. The streaks of green come from ionized lithium injected into the plasma.

Curiosity

81,812 views • 4 months ago

Researchers at Tokamak Energy have captured for the first time a real-time, high-speed video of plasma behaviour inside their ST40 spherical tokamak, tracking visible green and red light emissions as the fusion process occurs. This visual insight comes via a camera operating at thousands of frames per second, offering unprecedented detail of how the plasma evolves, interacts with the surrounding lithium blanket and outer regions, and ultimately radiates energy. The imaging enables scientists to observe how the ultra-hot core transitions outward into cooler zones, how magnetic confinement shapes the plasma behaviour, and how impurities or outer-region interactions influence the process. By giving a ‘star-in-a-donut’ view of fusion in action, this breakthrough adds a new diagnostic tool to the development of fusion energy, helping engineers refine the magnetic confinement, optimise plasma stability and better understand the heat and light flows at play. It was slowed down by 100x. All this was for 0.3s A tokamak is one of the most advanced devices ever created to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, the same process that powers the Sun. Its goal is simple in principle but incredibly challenging in practice: heat a gas until it becomes plasma, raise that plasma to over 100 million degrees, and confine it long enough for hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. Because no material container can survive such temperatures, a tokamak uses powerful magnetic fields to hold and shape the plasma like an invisible cage. The device has a distinctive doughnut-shaped (toroidal) chamber surrounded by magnetic coils. When the machine is switched on, electric currents and external magnets work together to create helical magnetic fields that trap the plasma and keep it away from the walls. As the plasma spirals around these magnetic lines, it heats up dramatically. Additional heating comes from methods like radio-frequency waves and neutral-beam injection, pushing the plasma toward the extreme temperatures needed for fusion. Inside this tightly controlled environment, hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium can collide and fuse, releasing fast neutrons and a burst of energy. The goal of tokamak research is to reach a point where the fusion reactions produce more energy than the system consumes, a milestone known as “net energy gain.” Modern machines like ITER, JET, and Tokamak Energy’s ST40 are bringing this vision closer, using advanced diagnostics, superconducting magnets, and increasingly stable plasma control. 👉

Researchers at Tokamak Energy have captured for the first time a real-time, high-speed video of plasma behaviour inside their ST40 spherical tokamak, tracking visible green and red light emissions as the fusion process occurs. This visual insight comes via a camera operating at thousands of frames per second, offering unprecedented detail of how the plasma evolves, interacts with the surrounding lithium blanket and outer regions, and ultimately radiates energy. The imaging enables scientists to observe how the ultra-hot core transitions outward into cooler zones, how magnetic confinement shapes the plasma behaviour, and how impurities or outer-region interactions influence the process. By giving a ‘star-in-a-donut’ view of fusion in action, this breakthrough adds a new diagnostic tool to the development of fusion energy, helping engineers refine the magnetic confinement, optimise plasma stability and better understand the heat and light flows at play. It was slowed down by 100x. All this was for 0.3s A tokamak is one of the most advanced devices ever created to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, the same process that powers the Sun. Its goal is simple in principle but incredibly challenging in practice: heat a gas until it becomes plasma, raise that plasma to over 100 million degrees, and confine it long enough for hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy. Because no material container can survive such temperatures, a tokamak uses powerful magnetic fields to hold and shape the plasma like an invisible cage. The device has a distinctive doughnut-shaped (toroidal) chamber surrounded by magnetic coils. When the machine is switched on, electric currents and external magnets work together to create helical magnetic fields that trap the plasma and keep it away from the walls. As the plasma spirals around these magnetic lines, it heats up dramatically. Additional heating comes from methods like radio-frequency waves and neutral-beam injection, pushing the plasma toward the extreme temperatures needed for fusion. Inside this tightly controlled environment, hydrogen isotopes such as deuterium and tritium can collide and fuse, releasing fast neutrons and a burst of energy. The goal of tokamak research is to reach a point where the fusion reactions produce more energy than the system consumes, a milestone known as “net energy gain.” Modern machines like ITER, JET, and Tokamak Energy’s ST40 are bringing this vision closer, using advanced diagnostics, superconducting magnets, and increasingly stable plasma control. 👉

Erika 

162,313 views • 8 months ago

🇷🇺🇦🇹 Putin smiled when Likhachev reminded Grossi that Tokamak (a toroidal chamber with magnetic coils) is a Russian word A tokamak is a machine which uses a powerful magnetic field generated by external magnets to confine plasma in the shape of an axially symmetrical torus.

🇷🇺🇦🇹 Putin smiled when Likhachev reminded Grossi that Tokamak (a toroidal chamber with magnetic coils) is a Russian word A tokamak is a machine which uses a powerful magnetic field generated by external magnets to confine plasma in the shape of an axially symmetrical torus.

Lord Bebo

94,688 views • 9 months ago

A landmark moment at #ITER! The final module of the central solenoid was added to complete the stack. This powerful magnet, the beating heart of ITER, will induce the plasma current needed to initiate & help control the fusion reaction inside the tokamak.

A landmark moment at #ITER! The final module of the central solenoid was added to complete the stack. This powerful magnet, the beating heart of ITER, will induce the plasma current needed to initiate & help control the fusion reaction inside the tokamak.

ITER

121,816 views • 17 days ago

Taming the Edge: How lithium could help us control #fusion plasmas. This video captures the first flashes of lithium being injected into the #plasma of our ST40 tokamak, marking the start of our exploration into its effects. Why lithium? In fusion research, we aim for H-mode, a high-performance state with improved plasma confinement. Future fusion power plants are expected to operate in this mode. But H-mode brings a challenge: ELMs (Edge Localised Modes) are bursts of energy at the plasma edge, similar to mini solar flares. These can reduce plasma temperature and damage the divertor with intense heat and particles. Pioneering work by PPPL and others has shown that lithium can suppress ELMs and increase energy confinement time, leading to higher temperatures. On ST40, we’re currently injecting lithium powder during plasma shots to explore its effects. As part of our upcoming ST40 LEAPS upgrade – in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy and Department for Energy Security and Net Zero – we’ll go further, coating plasma-facing components with solid lithium using the ‘lithium evaporation’ technique. We’ll be experimentally testing several mechanisms. One key focus is how lithium absorbs hydrogen isotopes and reduces their recycling back into the plasma, lowering the density at the plasma edge, leading to a more stable edge pressure gradient. We’re starting to understand more about lithium’s effect on plasma performance, and early results show lithium isn't getting into the plasma core, which is good news for avoiding diluting the fusion fuel in future plants. The physics is complex, and we’re still learning. But each step brings us closer to fusion energy. By incorporating lithium into ST40, the world’s highest field spherical tokamak, we’re advancing our understanding of this critical enabling technology. #Fusion #FusionEnergy #Innovation #Limitless #EnergyTransition

Taming the Edge: How lithium could help us control #fusion plasmas. This video captures the first flashes of lithium being injected into the #plasma of our ST40 tokamak, marking the start of our exploration into its effects. Why lithium? In fusion research, we aim for H-mode, a high-performance state with improved plasma confinement. Future fusion power plants are expected to operate in this mode. But H-mode brings a challenge: ELMs (Edge Localised Modes) are bursts of energy at the plasma edge, similar to mini solar flares. These can reduce plasma temperature and damage the divertor with intense heat and particles. Pioneering work by PPPL and others has shown that lithium can suppress ELMs and increase energy confinement time, leading to higher temperatures. On ST40, we’re currently injecting lithium powder during plasma shots to explore its effects. As part of our upcoming ST40 LEAPS upgrade – in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy and Department for Energy Security and Net Zero – we’ll go further, coating plasma-facing components with solid lithium using the ‘lithium evaporation’ technique. We’ll be experimentally testing several mechanisms. One key focus is how lithium absorbs hydrogen isotopes and reduces their recycling back into the plasma, lowering the density at the plasma edge, leading to a more stable edge pressure gradient. We’re starting to understand more about lithium’s effect on plasma performance, and early results show lithium isn't getting into the plasma core, which is good news for avoiding diluting the fusion fuel in future plants. The physics is complex, and we’re still learning. But each step brings us closer to fusion energy. By incorporating lithium into ST40, the world’s highest field spherical tokamak, we’re advancing our understanding of this critical enabling technology. #Fusion #FusionEnergy #Innovation #Limitless #EnergyTransition

Tokamak Energy

66,652 views • 1 year ago

Watch sector module #5 twist, turn, and glide its way into the tokamak pit. 1,100 tonnes ➜ rotated 90° ➜ landed with just 10 mm to spare. 3/9 of the machine is in position! Call it precision… or call it art. #fusion #iter #tokamak

Watch sector module #5 twist, turn, and glide its way into the tokamak pit. 1,100 tonnes ➜ rotated 90° ➜ landed with just 10 mm to spare. 3/9 of the machine is in position! Call it precision… or call it art. #fusion #iter #tokamak

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33,518 views • 7 months ago

China says it will generate its first electricity from nuclear fusion around 2030 — after two 582-tonne toroidal field magnets, the largest superconducting magnets ever built for a fusion device, passed full-load testing in July 2026. Behind that date sit two "artificial suns": the EAST tokamak in Hefei, world record holder for sustaining a 100-million-degree plasma for 1,066 seconds, and the HL-3 tokamak in Chengdu, which has pushed atomic nuclei to 117 million degrees Celsius — nearly eight times hotter than the Sun's core. Let’s break down how a tokamak actually works, what China's fusion records really mean, the roadmap from 2027 to 2050 — and the honest catch nobody mentions. #NuclearFusion #ArtificialSun #FusionEnergy

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64,958 views • 8 days ago

INCREDIBLE!!! Gemini did 6 hours of manual data analysis work in just 2 mins. Gemini in a Colab notebook now lets you plan, analyze, and visualize your data. I used a dataset of 100k rows and didn't write or execute a single line of code. Completely hands-off!

INCREDIBLE!!! Gemini did 6 hours of manual data analysis work in just 2 mins. Gemini in a Colab notebook now lets you plan, analyze, and visualize your data. I used a dataset of 100k rows and didn't write or execute a single line of code. Completely hands-off!

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300,110 views • 1 year ago

🚨: Scientists capture the first ever colored recording of plasma inside a fusion reactor!

🚨: Scientists capture the first ever colored recording of plasma inside a fusion reactor!

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301,117 views • 6 months ago

Here we go… This is the moment our ST40 centre column is lifted out. A bit like open-heart surgery on a tokamak. It’s a delicate operation, and a huge milestone for ST40. The centre column has had a tough life, acting as the core of the toroidal magnetic field coil in the world’s highest-field spherical tokamak. After more than 5,000 plasma pulses, it has helped generate magnetic fields above 2 Tesla at the plasma core, confining plasma at temperatures of more than 100 million °C, the threshold for #fusion. Next up, we install the new and improved centre column built by our partners at The Rockwood Group. This is all part of ST40’s major upgrade programme with U.S. Department of Energy and Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, helping transform it into one of the most reactor-relevant fusion devices in the world. What began as an experimental tokamak is becoming something much bigger: a customer testbed for the technologies and expertise needed to put #fusionenergy onto the grid⚡ And for anyone wondering what the centre column actually does… 👇 It forms the inner limb of each turn of the toroidal field coil. Its 24 wedges each carry up to 200 kA of current, generating the powerful magnetic fields needed to confine the plasma. Wrapped around the wedges, a 192-turn central solenoid helps drive and sustain the plasma current, after merging-compression start-up. An impressive piece of equipment with an equally impressive track record! #Fusion #FusionEnergy #Innovation

Here we go… This is the moment our ST40 centre column is lifted out. A bit like open-heart surgery on a tokamak. It’s a delicate operation, and a huge milestone for ST40. The centre column has had a tough life, acting as the core of the toroidal magnetic field coil in the world’s highest-field spherical tokamak. After more than 5,000 plasma pulses, it has helped generate magnetic fields above 2 Tesla at the plasma core, confining plasma at temperatures of more than 100 million °C, the threshold for #fusion. Next up, we install the new and improved centre column built by our partners at The Rockwood Group. This is all part of ST40’s major upgrade programme with U.S. Department of Energy and Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, helping transform it into one of the most reactor-relevant fusion devices in the world. What began as an experimental tokamak is becoming something much bigger: a customer testbed for the technologies and expertise needed to put #fusionenergy onto the grid⚡ And for anyone wondering what the centre column actually does… 👇 It forms the inner limb of each turn of the toroidal field coil. Its 24 wedges each carry up to 200 kA of current, generating the powerful magnetic fields needed to confine the plasma. Wrapped around the wedges, a 192-turn central solenoid helps drive and sustain the plasma current, after merging-compression start-up. An impressive piece of equipment with an equally impressive track record! #Fusion #FusionEnergy #Innovation

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Big update: Half of our vacuum vessel, the very heart of our SPARC fusion machine, has landed in Devens, Massachusetts. The vacuum vessel is the donut-shaped chamber inside SPARC that'll house our fusion fuel — a superhot cloud of charged particles called a plasma. The delivery of this key component means that our energy plans are literally starting to take shape. And it shows a big change inside tokamak hall as the once-quiet room begins to bustle with activity. #PowerMoves #FusionEnergy

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View of Divergence and Curl of a Vectorfield Visualization |Animation | Interactive applet GeoGebra #geogebra #math #science #iteachmath #mtbos #visualization #elearning Bernat ANCOCHEA #physics

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41,521 views • 6 months ago

Plasma is better in colour! Watch one of our latest #plasma pulses in our ST40 tokamak, filmed using our new high-speed colour camera at an incredible 16,000 frames per second. Each pulse lasts around a fifth of a second. What you’re seeing is mostly visible light from the plasma’s edge, glowing pink. The core is simply too hot to emit visible light. In this footage, lithium is dropped into the plasma. As it interacts, it glows red when excited, then turns green as it becomes ionised, losing an electron. From there, it traces the magnetic field lines, revealing the plasma’s path around the tokamak. Lithium is the focus of our $52 million ST40 upgrade programme, in partnership with U.S. Department of Energy and Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. This builds on pioneering work at PPPL and others that has shown that lithium can significantly improve plasma performance. This video comes from ongoing research into X-point radiator (XPR) regimes, a promising operating mode for future #fusion power plants that aims to cool the plasma before it reaches plasma-facing components (PFCs), helping to reduce wear without compromising performance. Fusion research just got a lot more colourful! 👇 #Fusion #FusionEnergy #EnergyTransition #Innovation

Plasma is better in colour! Watch one of our latest #plasma pulses in our ST40 tokamak, filmed using our new high-speed colour camera at an incredible 16,000 frames per second. Each pulse lasts around a fifth of a second. What you’re seeing is mostly visible light from the plasma’s edge, glowing pink. The core is simply too hot to emit visible light. In this footage, lithium is dropped into the plasma. As it interacts, it glows red when excited, then turns green as it becomes ionised, losing an electron. From there, it traces the magnetic field lines, revealing the plasma’s path around the tokamak. Lithium is the focus of our $52 million ST40 upgrade programme, in partnership with U.S. Department of Energy and Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. This builds on pioneering work at PPPL and others that has shown that lithium can significantly improve plasma performance. This video comes from ongoing research into X-point radiator (XPR) regimes, a promising operating mode for future #fusion power plants that aims to cool the plasma before it reaches plasma-facing components (PFCs), helping to reduce wear without compromising performance. Fusion research just got a lot more colourful! 👇 #Fusion #FusionEnergy #EnergyTransition #Innovation

Tokamak Energy

2,084,499 views • 9 months ago

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Google

119,471 views • 5 months ago

Humanity stands on the threshold of a new energy era. In Hefei, eastern China, the next-generation "artificial sun" known as BEST is designed to transform fusion from a science experiment into a real-world power source. Standing for Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting Tokamak, the reactor’s mission is to achieve “burning plasma,” where the fusion reaction generates its own sustaining heat. This is essential for the industry's holy grail: net energy gain. Targeting a 20 to 200 megawatt output (enough to power tens of thousands of households), BEST plans to demonstrate electricity generation by 2030. As a member of ITER—the world’s largest international fusion project in France—China contributes key components and shares research outcomes. Operating within frameworks like the “Hefei Fusion Declaration,” BEST serves as an open platform, pooling data and resources to accelerate the global transition to abundant, zero-carbon energy. This collaboration is proving that fusion is no longer just a distant dream, but a viable future solution.

Humanity stands on the threshold of a new energy era. In Hefei, eastern China, the next-generation "artificial sun" known as BEST is designed to transform fusion from a science experiment into a real-world power source. Standing for Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting Tokamak, the reactor’s mission is to achieve “burning plasma,” where the fusion reaction generates its own sustaining heat. This is essential for the industry's holy grail: net energy gain. Targeting a 20 to 200 megawatt output (enough to power tens of thousands of households), BEST plans to demonstrate electricity generation by 2030. As a member of ITER—the world’s largest international fusion project in France—China contributes key components and shares research outcomes. Operating within frameworks like the “Hefei Fusion Declaration,” BEST serves as an open platform, pooling data and resources to accelerate the global transition to abundant, zero-carbon energy. This collaboration is proving that fusion is no longer just a distant dream, but a viable future solution.

Sinical

89,966 views • 7 months ago

A knockout finish to 2025 for ST40! This video shows a stunning colour plasma pulse at 16,000 frames per second, from a campaign where our ST40 spherical tokamak achieved three new performance records before heading into a major upgrade: ✅Highest plasma current – 1 MA (one million amperes) ✅Highest stored energy ✅Highest fusion triple product ST40 set a new record by reaching 1 MA of plasma current, while stored energy nearly doubled compared to earlier campaigns. This demonstrates that a relatively small plasma volume can hold immense power – an important insight on the path to energy-producing devices. The fusion triple product—a key measure of performance combining plasma temperature, density, and energy confinement—rose over 30% to ~8 ±2 × 10¹⁸m⁻³·keV·s. Next up: a $52M upgrade in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy and Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, driving the development of key technologies and expertise for fusion. ST40 continues to punch above its weight—and we’re just getting started. Read more: 👇 #FusionEnergy #CleanEnergy #Innovation #Limitless

A knockout finish to 2025 for ST40! This video shows a stunning colour plasma pulse at 16,000 frames per second, from a campaign where our ST40 spherical tokamak achieved three new performance records before heading into a major upgrade: ✅Highest plasma current – 1 MA (one million amperes) ✅Highest stored energy ✅Highest fusion triple product ST40 set a new record by reaching 1 MA of plasma current, while stored energy nearly doubled compared to earlier campaigns. This demonstrates that a relatively small plasma volume can hold immense power – an important insight on the path to energy-producing devices. The fusion triple product—a key measure of performance combining plasma temperature, density, and energy confinement—rose over 30% to ~8 ±2 × 10¹⁸m⁻³·keV·s. Next up: a $52M upgrade in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy and Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, driving the development of key technologies and expertise for fusion. ST40 continues to punch above its weight—and we’re just getting started. Read more: 👇 #FusionEnergy #CleanEnergy #Innovation #Limitless

Tokamak Energy

46,574 views • 7 months ago

Watch the perfectly in sync movement of the orbs in the quoted video. The double layer plasma acts like magnet inverter. The plasmoids attract and repel, equalizing at a distance, forming an equilateral triangle. The physics of 'UFOs' is magnetism.

Watch the perfectly in sync movement of the orbs in the quoted video. The double layer plasma acts like magnet inverter. The plasmoids attract and repel, equalizing at a distance, forming an equilateral triangle. The physics of 'UFOs' is magnetism.

Ashton Forbes

49,406 views • 1 year ago