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World models — action-conditioned predictive models of the environment — are an exciting are of research for robots that can be useful both for training and for test-time compute. But video-based world models waste a lot of predictive power on reconstructing pixels, which makes model and data requirements much... show more

RoboPapers

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Every home is different. That means that to build a useful home robot, we must be able to perform zero-shot generalization on a wide range of tasks. Humanoid company 1X has a solution: world models. 1X Director of Evaluations Daniel Ho joins us on RoboPapers to talk about: - why world models are the future for scaling robot learning - how to use world models for robot control - what world models unlock for evaluating robot model performance - how we can hill-climb from here to general purpose robots Watch Episode #61 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, now!

Every home is different. That means that to build a useful home robot, we must be able to perform zero-shot generalization on a wide range of tasks. Humanoid company 1X has a solution: world models. 1X Director of Evaluations Daniel Ho joins us on RoboPapers to talk about: - why world models are the future for scaling robot learning - how to use world models for robot control - what world models unlock for evaluating robot model performance - how we can hill-climb from here to general purpose robots Watch Episode #61 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, now!

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Reasoning over long horizons would allow robots to generalize better to unseen environments and settings zero-shot. One mechanism for this kind of reasoning would be world models, but traditional video world models still tend to struggle with long horizons, and are very data intensive to train. But what if instead of predicting images about the future, we predicted just the symbolic information necessary for reasoning? Nishanth Kumar tells us about Pixels to Predicates, a method for symbol grounding which allows a VLM to plan sequences of robot skills to achieve unseen goals in previously unseen settings. To find out more, watch episode #44 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!

Reasoning over long horizons would allow robots to generalize better to unseen environments and settings zero-shot. One mechanism for this kind of reasoning would be world models, but traditional video world models still tend to struggle with long horizons, and are very data intensive to train. But what if instead of predicting images about the future, we predicted just the symbolic information necessary for reasoning? Nishanth Kumar tells us about Pixels to Predicates, a method for symbol grounding which allows a VLM to plan sequences of robot skills to achieve unseen goals in previously unseen settings. To find out more, watch episode #44 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!

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Punchline: World models == VQA (about the future)! Planning with world models can be powerful for robotics/control. But most world models are video generators trained to predict everything, including irrelevant pixels and distractions. We ask - what if a world model only predicted the semantic information necessary for decision-making? Introducing Semantic World Models (SWM). Given an observation and an action sequence, SWMs cast modeling as answering textual questions about the future outcome resulting from the actions. Recasting world modeling as a VQA problem lets us directly leverage the pretrained knowledge and machinery of VLMs for generalizable modeling. We had a lot of fun thinking about how this work helps connect these two seemingly very different fields of study - VLMs and world models! 🧵(1/6) Paper: Fun demo:

Punchline: World models == VQA (about the future)! Planning with world models can be powerful for robotics/control. But most world models are video generators trained to predict everything, including irrelevant pixels and distractions. We ask - what if a world model only predicted the semantic information necessary for decision-making? Introducing Semantic World Models (SWM). Given an observation and an action sequence, SWMs cast modeling as answering textual questions about the future outcome resulting from the actions. Recasting world modeling as a VQA problem lets us directly leverage the pretrained knowledge and machinery of VLMs for generalizable modeling. We had a lot of fun thinking about how this work helps connect these two seemingly very different fields of study - VLMs and world models! 🧵(1/6) Paper: Fun demo:

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Robot policies must be both reliable and highly capable to be useful; the best way to achieve this level of performance is with reinforcement learning. However, for reinforcement learning you are usually stuck between two difficult options: reinforcement in the real world is often risky and expensive, while reinforcement learning in a traditional simulator takes a lot of engineering work and has a persistent sim-to-real gap. What if instead you could train your robot purely in a world model? RISE by Jiazhi Yang et al. uses a compositional world model to predict the future and evaluate progress. This allows for a self-improving pipeline, which learns a world model from real data and then learns how the robot should perform different tasks. This pipeline results in a data-driven way to improve policy performance from real data but without real-world reinforcement learning. Watch Episode #86 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

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RoboPapers

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SITUATION EXPLAINED: A new generation of AI labs are betting that world models are the path to general intelligence that can interact with the real world. We had General Intuition CEO Pim de Witte on MTS to explain what world models are, and why intuitively world models offer a clearer path towards general intelligence than LLMs. For humans, text is a technology for compressing information about the unfolding, three-dimensional world around us and communicating it to other people. When LLMs reason about the world, they do so by reconstructing the world through text. World models work by modeling the three-dimensional world at the architecture level and then allowing agents to interact with that world. Unlike an LLM, which understands space and time through text, world models perform spatial and temporal reasoning natively. General Intuition hopes to use world models to create embodied AI—machines that can reason and act in the real world. But other companies are also pushing the frontier in this space. Odyssey ML today announced a multi-agent world model, Agora-1. Their launch video shows four participants interacting with a real-time world model simulation of GoldenEye, a first-person shooter for the N64. A playable preview of the GoldenEye simulation is available on their site.

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