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World models — action-conditioned predictive models of the environment — are an exciting are of research for robots that can be useful both for training and for test-time compute. But video-based world models waste a lot of predictive power on reconstructing pixels, which makes model and data requirements much... show more

RoboPapers

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39,322 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад •via X (Twitter)

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Every home is different. That means that to build a useful home robot, we must be able to perform zero-shot generalization on a wide range of tasks. Humanoid company 1X has a solution: world models. 1X Director of Evaluations Daniel Ho joins us on RoboPapers to talk about: - why world models are the future for scaling robot learning - how to use world models for robot control - what world models unlock for evaluating robot model performance - how we can hill-climb from here to general purpose robots Watch Episode #61 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, now!

Every home is different. That means that to build a useful home robot, we must be able to perform zero-shot generalization on a wide range of tasks. Humanoid company 1X has a solution: world models. 1X Director of Evaluations Daniel Ho joins us on RoboPapers to talk about: - why world models are the future for scaling robot learning - how to use world models for robot control - what world models unlock for evaluating robot model performance - how we can hill-climb from here to general purpose robots Watch Episode #61 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, now!

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27,567 просмотров • 6 месяцев назад

Reasoning over long horizons would allow robots to generalize better to unseen environments and settings zero-shot. One mechanism for this kind of reasoning would be world models, but traditional video world models still tend to struggle with long horizons, and are very data intensive to train. But what if instead of predicting images about the future, we predicted just the symbolic information necessary for reasoning? Nishanth Kumar tells us about Pixels to Predicates, a method for symbol grounding which allows a VLM to plan sequences of robot skills to achieve unseen goals in previously unseen settings. To find out more, watch episode #44 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!

Reasoning over long horizons would allow robots to generalize better to unseen environments and settings zero-shot. One mechanism for this kind of reasoning would be world models, but traditional video world models still tend to struggle with long horizons, and are very data intensive to train. But what if instead of predicting images about the future, we predicted just the symbolic information necessary for reasoning? Nishanth Kumar tells us about Pixels to Predicates, a method for symbol grounding which allows a VLM to plan sequences of robot skills to achieve unseen goals in previously unseen settings. To find out more, watch episode #44 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!

RoboPapers

19,697 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

Punchline: World models == VQA (about the future)! Planning with world models can be powerful for robotics/control. But most world models are video generators trained to predict everything, including irrelevant pixels and distractions. We ask - what if a world model only predicted the semantic information necessary for decision-making? Introducing Semantic World Models (SWM). Given an observation and an action sequence, SWMs cast modeling as answering textual questions about the future outcome resulting from the actions. Recasting world modeling as a VQA problem lets us directly leverage the pretrained knowledge and machinery of VLMs for generalizable modeling. We had a lot of fun thinking about how this work helps connect these two seemingly very different fields of study - VLMs and world models! 🧵(1/6) Paper: Fun demo:

Punchline: World models == VQA (about the future)! Planning with world models can be powerful for robotics/control. But most world models are video generators trained to predict everything, including irrelevant pixels and distractions. We ask - what if a world model only predicted the semantic information necessary for decision-making? Introducing Semantic World Models (SWM). Given an observation and an action sequence, SWMs cast modeling as answering textual questions about the future outcome resulting from the actions. Recasting world modeling as a VQA problem lets us directly leverage the pretrained knowledge and machinery of VLMs for generalizable modeling. We had a lot of fun thinking about how this work helps connect these two seemingly very different fields of study - VLMs and world models! 🧵(1/6) Paper: Fun demo:

Abhishek Gupta

61,413 просмотров • 10 месяцев назад

For robots to be useful, they can’t just dance — they must be able to physically interact with the world around them. Unfortunately, the sorts of motion tracking policies you see performing dancing or martial arts are not really capable of the kind of precise, forceful interaction needed to perform useful interactions with the world. Siheng Zhao and Yanjie Ze join us to talk about ResMimic, their new paper which takes a general-purpose human motion-tracking policy and improves it with a residual policy to reliably interact with objects To learn more, watch Episode #47 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, today!

For robots to be useful, they can’t just dance — they must be able to physically interact with the world around them. Unfortunately, the sorts of motion tracking policies you see performing dancing or martial arts are not really capable of the kind of precise, forceful interaction needed to perform useful interactions with the world. Siheng Zhao and Yanjie Ze join us to talk about ResMimic, their new paper which takes a general-purpose human motion-tracking policy and improves it with a residual policy to reliably interact with objects To learn more, watch Episode #47 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, today!

RoboPapers

11,399 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

Robot policies must be both reliable and highly capable to be useful; the best way to achieve this level of performance is with reinforcement learning. However, for reinforcement learning you are usually stuck between two difficult options: reinforcement in the real world is often risky and expensive, while reinforcement learning in a traditional simulator takes a lot of engineering work and has a persistent sim-to-real gap. What if instead you could train your robot purely in a world model? RISE by Jiazhi Yang et al. uses a compositional world model to predict the future and evaluate progress. This allows for a self-improving pipeline, which learns a world model from real data and then learns how the robot should perform different tasks. This pipeline results in a data-driven way to improve policy performance from real data but without real-world reinforcement learning. Watch Episode #86 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

Robot policies must be both reliable and highly capable to be useful; the best way to achieve this level of performance is with reinforcement learning. However, for reinforcement learning you are usually stuck between two difficult options: reinforcement in the real world is often risky and expensive, while reinforcement learning in a traditional simulator takes a lot of engineering work and has a persistent sim-to-real gap. What if instead you could train your robot purely in a world model? RISE by Jiazhi Yang et al. uses a compositional world model to predict the future and evaluate progress. This allows for a self-improving pipeline, which learns a world model from real data and then learns how the robot should perform different tasks. This pipeline results in a data-driven way to improve policy performance from real data but without real-world reinforcement learning. Watch Episode #86 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

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Learning policies via imitation is extremely potent, but making sure those policies will generalize to out of distribution settings is still very hard. SAILOR proposes a solution in learning to search via a learned world model, which outperforms existing imitation approaches. Gokul Swamy, Arnav Jain , and Vibhakar Mohta tell us about their approach. Watch Episode #33 of RoboPapers, co-hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton , now!

Learning policies via imitation is extremely potent, but making sure those policies will generalize to out of distribution settings is still very hard. SAILOR proposes a solution in learning to search via a learned world model, which outperforms existing imitation approaches. Gokul Swamy, Arnav Jain , and Vibhakar Mohta tell us about their approach. Watch Episode #33 of RoboPapers, co-hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton , now!

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Robots need to be able to apply pressure and make contact with objects as needed in order to accomplish their tasks. From compliance to working safely around humans to whole-body manipulation of heavy objects, combining force and position control can dramatically expand the capabilities of robots. This is especially true for legged robots, which have so much ability to exert forces on the world around them. But how do we train robots which can do this? Baoxiong Jia tells us more in our discussion of his team’s recent, Best Paper Award winning work on learning a unified policy for position and force control, called UniFP. To learn more, watch Episode #49 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton.

Robots need to be able to apply pressure and make contact with objects as needed in order to accomplish their tasks. From compliance to working safely around humans to whole-body manipulation of heavy objects, combining force and position control can dramatically expand the capabilities of robots. This is especially true for legged robots, which have so much ability to exert forces on the world around them. But how do we train robots which can do this? Baoxiong Jia tells us more in our discussion of his team’s recent, Best Paper Award winning work on learning a unified policy for position and force control, called UniFP. To learn more, watch Episode #49 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton.

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Diffusion Policy was one of the big breakthroughs that has enabled an explosion in real-world robot learning. However, it’s always had a weakness, which is that it works by computing a final action trajectory from random noise, which leads to high latency when predicting a final action sequence. Instead, why not initialize the search based on previous actions? This allows for incredibly fast policy inference and in many cases improved generalization, generating high-quality predictions with sub-ms latency. Jindou Jia and Jianfei Yang join us to explain. Learn more on Episode 95 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton!

Diffusion Policy was one of the big breakthroughs that has enabled an explosion in real-world robot learning. However, it’s always had a weakness, which is that it works by computing a final action trajectory from random noise, which leads to high latency when predicting a final action sequence. Instead, why not initialize the search based on previous actions? This allows for incredibly fast policy inference and in many cases improved generalization, generating high-quality predictions with sub-ms latency. Jindou Jia and Jianfei Yang join us to explain. Learn more on Episode 95 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton!

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Spatial understanding is important to moving around in complex environments and is a huge part of the challenge of generalizing to new scenes. Most world models, however, largely ignore this spatial dimension, focusing on 2D images. Not PointWorld, though. PointWorld is a 3D world model trained from real and simulated data which can perform a wide variety of manipulation tasks on a real robot, including grasping or handling articulated objects, all without any additional fine tuning. Wenlong Huang joins us to tell us more about what makes this work and how it’s different from other world models. Watch Episode #83 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

Spatial understanding is important to moving around in complex environments and is a huge part of the challenge of generalizing to new scenes. Most world models, however, largely ignore this spatial dimension, focusing on 2D images. Not PointWorld, though. PointWorld is a 3D world model trained from real and simulated data which can perform a wide variety of manipulation tasks on a real robot, including grasping or handling articulated objects, all without any additional fine tuning. Wenlong Huang joins us to tell us more about what makes this work and how it’s different from other world models. Watch Episode #83 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

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16,197 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад

Full episode dropping soon! Geeking out with Nishanth Kumar on From Pixels to Predicates: Learning Symbolic World Models via Pretrained Vision-Language Models Co-hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc Chris Paxton

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RoboPapers

12,604 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

Robotics fundamentally involves understanding the dynamics of how things change in the world in response to action and force. This is impossible to learn from static images; instead, it’s far more effective and more data-efficient to learn from video. Elvis Nava joins us to talk about @mimicrobotic. One of the key findings from mimic-video is that pretraining on webscale video allows robots to learn physics priors; as a result, policies train faster, generalize better, and are capable of more impressive dexterity, versus training on static images or image-language pairs as per a VLM. Watch Episode #81 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton to learn more!

Robotics fundamentally involves understanding the dynamics of how things change in the world in response to action and force. This is impossible to learn from static images; instead, it’s far more effective and more data-efficient to learn from video. Elvis Nava joins us to talk about @mimicrobotic. One of the key findings from mimic-video is that pretraining on webscale video allows robots to learn physics priors; as a result, policies train faster, generalize better, and are capable of more impressive dexterity, versus training on static images or image-language pairs as per a VLM. Watch Episode #81 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton to learn more!

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Co-training has become a key part of the recipe for training large robotics models; it means that you mix some proportion of real robot data with other data sources, like simulation or egocentric human video data. This is especially important because robotics data tends to lack diversity which can be somewhat compensated for by the inclusion of these other modalities. And yet there has not been a sizable study on what constitute good practices for cotraining until now! We talk to Fanqi Lin and Jose Barreiros about their new work, a massive study which evaluated 89 policies over thousands of rollouts to tell us which forms of co-training were most useful for robotics. Watch episode 70 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho and Chris Paxton, now!

Co-training has become a key part of the recipe for training large robotics models; it means that you mix some proportion of real robot data with other data sources, like simulation or egocentric human video data. This is especially important because robotics data tends to lack diversity which can be somewhat compensated for by the inclusion of these other modalities. And yet there has not been a sizable study on what constitute good practices for cotraining until now! We talk to Fanqi Lin and Jose Barreiros about their new work, a massive study which evaluated 89 policies over thousands of rollouts to tell us which forms of co-training were most useful for robotics. Watch episode 70 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho and Chris Paxton, now!

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Training robot foundation models faces two key hurdles: how to get enough data to train an effective model, and how to make sure that new skills can be acquired quickly. The team at Rhoda AI believes that the answer is training Direct Video Action models from web data. Web data is plentiful, to the point where Rhoda can train their base model on hundreds of years of video data. And then, with the addition of robot data, they can quickly adapt it to new tasks with as little as 20 hours of in-domain data, performing complex, multi-step manipulation tasks with their purpose-built video foundation model. Tongzhou Mu 🤖🦾🦿 Eric Chan and Changan Chen joined us to talk more about their approach. Watch Episode #79 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc, Chris Paxton, and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

Training robot foundation models faces two key hurdles: how to get enough data to train an effective model, and how to make sure that new skills can be acquired quickly. The team at Rhoda AI believes that the answer is training Direct Video Action models from web data. Web data is plentiful, to the point where Rhoda can train their base model on hundreds of years of video data. And then, with the addition of robot data, they can quickly adapt it to new tasks with as little as 20 hours of in-domain data, performing complex, multi-step manipulation tasks with their purpose-built video foundation model. Tongzhou Mu 🤖🦾🦿 Eric Chan and Changan Chen joined us to talk more about their approach. Watch Episode #79 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc, Chris Paxton, and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

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How can we build a general-purpose “foundation model” for robot motion? Zhengyi “Zen” Luo joins us to talk about SONIC, which uses motion tracking as a foundational task for humanoid robot control, and scales humanoid control training to 9k GPU hours and 100 million frames worth of data. The result: a model with a generally-useful embedding space that can be controlled by a VLA, or from human video, to perform a wide variety of humanoid whole-body-control tasks, including with zero-shot transfer to previously unseen motions. Watch episode 72 of RoboPapers, with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Jiafei Duan, now!

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Full episode dropping soon! Geeking out with Daniel Ho on 1X World Model Co-hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc Chris Paxton

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RoboPapers

13,619 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

It’s long been a dream of roboticists to be able to teach a robot in simulation so as to skip the long and expensive process of collecting large amounts of real-world training data. However, building simulations for robot tasks is extremely hard. Ideally, we could go from real data to a useful simulation. This is exactly what Guangqi Jiang and his co-authors do. they use 3d Gaussian splatting to reconstructed scenes which let them create interactive environments that, when combined with a physcs engine, allow for training robot policies that show zero-shot sim-to-real transfer (i.e., using no real-world demonstrations). To learn more, watch Episode 56 of Robopapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!

It’s long been a dream of roboticists to be able to teach a robot in simulation so as to skip the long and expensive process of collecting large amounts of real-world training data. However, building simulations for robot tasks is extremely hard. Ideally, we could go from real data to a useful simulation. This is exactly what Guangqi Jiang and his co-authors do. they use 3d Gaussian splatting to reconstructed scenes which let them create interactive environments that, when combined with a physcs engine, allow for training robot policies that show zero-shot sim-to-real transfer (i.e., using no real-world demonstrations). To learn more, watch Episode 56 of Robopapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!

RoboPapers

20,434 просмотров • 8 месяцев назад

We’ve all seen videos of humanoid robots performing single tasks that are very impressive, like dancing or karate. But training humanoid robots to perform a wide range of complex motions is difficult. GMT is a general-purpose policy which can learn a wide range of robot motions. Watch Episode #32 of RoboPapers, with Zixuan Chen , co-hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton , to learn more.

We’ve all seen videos of humanoid robots performing single tasks that are very impressive, like dancing or karate. But training humanoid robots to perform a wide range of complex motions is difficult. GMT is a general-purpose policy which can learn a wide range of robot motions. Watch Episode #32 of RoboPapers, with Zixuan Chen , co-hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton , to learn more.

RoboPapers

16,605 просмотров • 11 месяцев назад

SITUATION EXPLAINED: A new generation of AI labs are betting that world models are the path to general intelligence that can interact with the real world. We had General Intuition CEO Pim de Witte on MTS to explain what world models are, and why intuitively world models offer a clearer path towards general intelligence than LLMs. For humans, text is a technology for compressing information about the unfolding, three-dimensional world around us and communicating it to other people. When LLMs reason about the world, they do so by reconstructing the world through text. World models work by modeling the three-dimensional world at the architecture level and then allowing agents to interact with that world. Unlike an LLM, which understands space and time through text, world models perform spatial and temporal reasoning natively. General Intuition hopes to use world models to create embodied AI—machines that can reason and act in the real world. But other companies are also pushing the frontier in this space. Odyssey ML today announced a multi-agent world model, Agora-1. Their launch video shows four participants interacting with a real-time world model simulation of GoldenEye, a first-person shooter for the N64. A playable preview of the GoldenEye simulation is available on their site.

SITUATION EXPLAINED: A new generation of AI labs are betting that world models are the path to general intelligence that can interact with the real world. We had General Intuition CEO Pim de Witte on MTS to explain what world models are, and why intuitively world models offer a clearer path towards general intelligence than LLMs. For humans, text is a technology for compressing information about the unfolding, three-dimensional world around us and communicating it to other people. When LLMs reason about the world, they do so by reconstructing the world through text. World models work by modeling the three-dimensional world at the architecture level and then allowing agents to interact with that world. Unlike an LLM, which understands space and time through text, world models perform spatial and temporal reasoning natively. General Intuition hopes to use world models to create embodied AI—machines that can reason and act in the real world. But other companies are also pushing the frontier in this space. Odyssey ML today announced a multi-agent world model, Agora-1. Their launch video shows four participants interacting with a real-time world model simulation of GoldenEye, a first-person shooter for the N64. A playable preview of the GoldenEye simulation is available on their site.

MTS

11,676 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад

How can we build robotic hands with truly superhuman dexterity? Daxo Robotics is developing a unique tendon-driven soft robot hand, which aims to be tougher and more capable than a traditional humanoid hand. Each finger consists of many different tendons, which act in concert to move or manipulate. This is a special episode of RoboPapers where, instead of talking about a scientific paper, we talk to Tom Zhang, founder of Daxo Robotics, in order to learn both about his background and about how this one-of-a-kind robot hand design works. Watch Episode #40 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!

How can we build robotic hands with truly superhuman dexterity? Daxo Robotics is developing a unique tendon-driven soft robot hand, which aims to be tougher and more capable than a traditional humanoid hand. Each finger consists of many different tendons, which act in concert to move or manipulate. This is a special episode of RoboPapers where, instead of talking about a scientific paper, we talk to Tom Zhang, founder of Daxo Robotics, in order to learn both about his background and about how this one-of-a-kind robot hand design works. Watch Episode #40 of RoboPapers with Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton now!

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16,500 просмотров • 10 месяцев назад

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Just collecting manipulation data isn’t enough for robots - they need to be able to move around in the world, which has a whole different set of challenges from pure manipulation. And bringing navigation and manipulation together in a single framework is even more challenging. Enter HERMES, from Zhecheng Yuan and Tianming Wei. This is a four-stage process in which human videos are used to set up an RL sim-to-real training pipeline in order to overcome differences between robot and human kinematics, and used together with a navigation foundation model to move around in a variety of environments. To learn more, join us as Zhecheng Yuan and Tianming Wei tell us about how they built their system to perform mobile dexterous manipulation from human videos in a variety of environments. Watch Episode #45 of RoboPapers today, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton!

RoboPapers

15,092 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад