Ethan Mollick

@emollick • 405,270 subscribers

Professor @Wharton studying AI. New book, Co-Existence, coming October 20. Preorder here: https://t.co/hsDYf1xU9K Substack: https://t.co/UIBhxu4bgq

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Ethan Mollick

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Had some early access to Muse Wonder, but did not get a chance to use it a ton, yet it seems like a good model from limited test Perhaps more impressive, compare the progress since April in my drowned neogothic city twigl shader test. Very fast progress from Meta in a short time

The drowned neo-gothic tower twigl shader created by Fable 5.1 with the same prompt. (compare to Fable 5 in the quoted tweet, and other models before that)

Kimi K3 on my shader test: "create a visually interesting shader that can run in twigl-dot-app make it like an infinite city of neo-gothic towers partially drowned in a stormy ocean with large waves." "Make it better" Very good model, not Sol Max or Fable, but great open weights

SeeDance 2.0: "An anime where an otter goes into a large mech, with lots of quick shots of mechanical parts and gears turning. The otter gives a grim thumbs up, and then pilots the mech, flying into battle against an octopus made of marble." Again, this was the very first try

Sold out! But I had Claude create and deploy all 80 volumes of The Weights to the site as well-formatted PDFs, so you can download them for free if you want. 58,276 pages in total. 117 million floating point numbers. This is everything that makes GPT-1.

The hardcover book of GPT-1’s weights that Claude Code designed, produced, and sold (including the cool cover which visualizes the numbers in the volume) actually came in the mail today and it looks really nice. I never touched any code or did any design or any API to make this.

A line in AI video was crossed, in my experiments with just the web interface, H3 Max can now create reasonably high quality AI video in less time than it takes you to watch it. This is realtime from the moment I pushed the "generate" button (and also includes prompt enhancement)

My most popular Sora video was “an Elaborate regency romance where everyone is wearing a live duck for a hat (each duck is also wearing a hat), a llama plays a flute, prestige drama” I am not sure why OpenAI has decided their compute has more valuable uses. Really a mystery.

Since people were asking, here's GPT-6 Astra, highest setting: "create a visually interesting shader that can run in twigl-dot-app make it like an infinite city of neo-gothic towers partially drowned in a stormy ocean with large waves." "Make it better"

"Hey Claude with computer use, watch this construction site video &amp; write up things you see that dangerous or good, create a spreadsheet of critical issues to address" (sped up) How firms use AI as manager, coach or panopticon is going to have a big impact on what work becomes.

The new ByteDance SeeDance 2.0 video model is VERY good. This is the very first output from my very first prompt: "A nature documentary about an otter flying an airplane"

AI can help explain complex topics easily by throwing together a simulation. As Eric says later in the thread, a newer paper argues that this pattern is actually collider bias (the authors disagree). What is collider bias? Gemini one-shots an explanation:

I had access to Opus 5 before release and found it to be a good model if a quirky one. On shorter tasks, it could match or beat Fable levels of performance, at longer tasks it seemed less ambitious &amp; would not deliver as complete a set of work. Here is its neo-gothic shader.

Fine. (Astra did this in VBA)

Seedance 2.5 with the same prompt. Lovely and very much reminds me of the (overly) optimistic future of space books that used to be popular; predicting space tourism coming soon. (Also the reflections these models can pull off are impressive)

"golden retriever running through a brutalist art gallery with modern art on the walls as a single red balloon floats overhead" in Sora, Kling (the best Chinese model), Runway (best American model). Best of 2 videos This is a hard prompt, so look at consistency, reflections, etc

Had early access to Gemini with Deep Think. Very good model, big gains over standard Gemini 2.5 Pro for a lot of problems. Here is the first attempt at the starship control panel prompt I try with every model. First time I have seen a model make a 3D interface in response.

That explains this startup.

For those saying "the tomato sauce blood from the sword wound that flying Shakespeare inflicted on the pizza robot while the otters discussed Spirit Airlines wasn't thick enough" or whatever... this was state of the art in July 2025 (2 years) for "an otter using wifi on a plane"

I had early access to what is Claude 4 (I don't know which model) &amp; I have been very impressed. Fun example, this is what it made in response to the prompt: "the book Piranesi as a p5js 3d space. do it for me" - just that, no other prompting (note the birds, water, lighting)

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Had some early access to Muse Wonder, but did not get a chance to use it a ton, yet it seems like a good model from limited test Perhaps more impressive, compare the progress since April in my drowned neogothic city twigl shader test. Very fast progress from Meta in a short time

Hey Claude, "Pick a problem or mystery that obsesses you and solve it as best you can &amp; make a movie we can share on social media about it" So it took a crack at the Voynich Manuscript &amp; failed. Then it made this movie, which is pretty interesting to watch and a good explainer.

Hey, Claude: "I asked an earlier Claude to Remove the Squid from All Quiet on the Western Front. Now you can make movies and such. I need you to show how far you have come" &amp; I pasted in the tweet below There is some clever stuff, models have a real sense of humor at this point

Argon is quite different: "A game about Imminence. Something very big, very strange is happening. A suburb & the arrival of a vast & unknowable presence. Not horror, invoke the feeling of the end of all things coming, inevitably, but also not sad or scary"

Full analysis from a single command. Nice.

People asked for me to upload the Bitter Lesson video from this piece to YouTube, so here you are:

This impressed me: I asked GPT-6 Astra to turn Zork (the classic 1977 text adventure) into a full 3D action-adventure game It kept the original plot &amp; puzzles, added fight scenes, and built all of the characters &amp; environments directly in Threejs Play:

Um, wow? Opus 5.5: "make the same message much more interesting to a social media audience that loves anime and quick clips and compressed learning" One shot. Also, please do stay for the closing song.

I had Fable build another thing I always wanted, a full procedural fantasy kingdom generator with economics, trade routes, population growth, wars, lineages, and occasional dragons. First, I worked with it on a plan, then it made it. You can play it here:

How do you explain recursion? This one is pretty fun. I had Claude Opus 5.5 make: "A video explaining recursion, where every explanation about recursion has a radically different video style, make this self-referential &amp; clever &amp; fast moving." Nine genre shifts, one prompt...

"create the ultimate brutalist city builder. you should have lots of controls over buildings in ways that are delightful and intuitive to people..." Here is Fable 5.1, a little over a year since GPT-5 below, in a single shot from a prompt. It quite good:

Wow, diffusion models (used in AI image generation) are also game engines - a type of world simulation. By predicting the next frame of the classic shooter DOOM, you get a playable game at 20 fps without any underlying real game engine. This video is from the diffusion model.

I was reflecting on how many random contingencies went into creating the current accelerating AI moment and had Opus 5.5 put together a video, inspired by old science show Connections, to try and point out how a series of initially unrelated ideas led to the moment we are in now.

This is a big leap forward to doing real data analysis with GPT-4o. It still can't quite handle the way many people use spreadsheets (Excel formulas, etc.) but it is pretty impressive. You can zoom into spreadsheets and ask about cells, modify graphs, etc. I trimmed 45 seconds.

I had early access, and a longer post is coming, but GPT-6 is stunning & is good enough that it actually does complex meaningful work for me autonomously for days. As a more fun example, it made a historically-based simulation of the Library of Alexandria:

Fable: "you have Unity and access to MCP. I want you to build a game that is a unique twist on a FPS. You want the player to say "wow" &amp; "so clever" and to enjoy the core gameplay loop" WebGL: * It had no assets so the graphics are procedurally generated

When GPT-5 came out, I created a procedural brutalist city builder as a demo (you can see it in the quoted tweet) I used GPT-5.6 Sol in Codex to do the same thing, touching no code. Less than a year... Play with it (its fun, if you like cities):

10 months later, I gave Claude Code with Fable the same brief, asking it to construct SimRefinery from surviving screenshots and documentation. Fully playable, with a learning mode &amp; all sorts of sophistication. Look at the difference from the old version!

I think people don't realize why Gemini Omni is different than other video AIs. It is fully multimodal, so it can edit video natively, too I took the famous "train " movie from 1896 &amp; made it a bullet train, LEGO, added a time traveler, a centipede, muppets... (see reflections?)

Can Genie 3 run Doom? "Doom, but the walls are made entirely out of screens also running Doom, featuring the marine from Doom but also his head is a screen running Doom"

"Hey Claude with computer use, watch this construction site video & write up things you see that dangerous or good, create a spreadsheet of critical issues to address" (sped up) How firms use AI as manager, coach or panopticon is going to have a big impact on what work becomes.

I had access to Opus 5 before release and found it to be a good model if a quirky one. On shorter tasks, it could match or beat Fable levels of performance, at longer tasks it seemed less ambitious & would not deliver as complete a set of work. Here is its neo-gothic shader.

I had early access to what is Claude 4 (I don't know which model) & I have been very impressed. Fun example, this is what it made in response to the prompt: "the book Piranesi as a p5js 3d space. do it for me" - just that, no other prompting (note the birds, water, lighting)

Hey Claude, "Pick a problem or mystery that obsesses you and solve it as best you can & make a movie we can share on social media about it" So it took a crack at the Voynich Manuscript & failed. Then it made this movie, which is pretty interesting to watch and a good explainer.

Hey, Claude: "I asked an earlier Claude to Remove the Squid from All Quiet on the Western Front. Now you can make movies and such. I need you to show how far you have come" & I pasted in the tweet below There is some clever stuff, models have a real sense of humor at this point

This impressed me: I asked GPT-6 Astra to turn Zork (the classic 1977 text adventure) into a full 3D action-adventure game It kept the original plot & puzzles, added fight scenes, and built all of the characters & environments directly in Threejs Play:

How do you explain recursion? This one is pretty fun. I had Claude Opus 5.5 make: "A video explaining recursion, where every explanation about recursion has a radically different video style, make this self-referential & clever & fast moving." Nine genre shifts, one prompt...

Fable: "you have Unity and access to MCP. I want you to build a game that is a unique twist on a FPS. You want the player to say "wow" & "so clever" and to enjoy the core gameplay loop" WebGL: * It had no assets so the graphics are procedurally generated

10 months later, I gave Claude Code with Fable the same brief, asking it to construct SimRefinery from surviving screenshots and documentation. Fully playable, with a learning mode & all sorts of sophistication. Look at the difference from the old version!

I think people don't realize why Gemini Omni is different than other video AIs. It is fully multimodal, so it can edit video natively, too I took the famous "train " movie from 1896 & made it a bullet train, LEGO, added a time traveler, a centipede, muppets... (see reflections?)