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A big part of scaling robot learning to solve real-world problems is that we somehow need to get enough diverse, high-quality data to train our robots to perform useful things. GPT and its fellow large language models were bootstrapped and proved out on a massive dataset of real-world language... data. Unfortunately, despite our best efforts, similarly massive datasets don’t really exist for robotics — so, in our unending pursuit of high-quality, useful data, we turn to simulation. I compared a couple recent works on sim-to-real robot manipulation, which discuss how to train perception-driven manipulation policies in simulation, in such a way that they’re useful in the real world. - DextraH-RGB, from NVIDIA - Sim-and-Real Co-Training: A Simple Recipe for Vision-Based Robotic Manipulation, also from NVIDIA — specifically the GEAR lab - Sim-to-Real Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Based Dexterous Manipulation on Humanoids, another GEAR lab paper - Local Policies Enable Zero-shot Long-Horizon Manipulation, from CMU (video from DextrAH-RGB)show more

Chris Paxton

30,942 subscribers

20,486 просмотров • 1 год назад •via X (Twitter)

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Комментарии: 11

Фото профиля Chris Paxton

Chris Paxton1 год назад

Learning Robotic Manipulation from Simulations A comparison of a few recent works on sim-to-real robot manipulation that I liked

Фото профиля VistaShares

VistaShares1 год назад

From semiconductors to data centers, AIS targets the critical components behind AI's exponential growth. Capture potential returns from this transformative technology sector.

Фото профиля Kyle🤖🚀🦭

Kyle🤖🚀🦭1 год назад

uncontested Isaac superiority 🫡 (very excited for warp too)

Фото профиля ahad

ahad1 год назад

what are you thoughts on a model that you just shovel in alot multimodal data and how much of a ratio you’ll need to get good performance? for example recent work from @physical_int they made an architecture where they can predict web data and predict actions.

Фото профиля Chris Paxton

Chris Paxton1 год назад

Sim to real is definitely not the only way to do this I wrote a previous post that mentioned this; I wrote the two together so they reference the same paper on how much sim data you "need": I think it's worth a deeper look. but my guess is that sim and real data are fulfilling different needs: - sim data is generally very good at capturing robot planning and kinematics - video data is really good at capturing semantics and information about the world - robot data captures everything but isn't diverse enough and is too expensive (although people are trying to change that)

Фото профиля Godwyll Aikins

Godwyll Aikins1 год назад

Excited for real2sim to get easier! Just using your phone + lidar to capture your workspace to port to simulation could be a game-changer for sim2real. Learned simulators could maybe bridge that gap as well

Фото профиля Bahram Banisadr

Bahram Banisadr1 год назад

What do you think about the sim2real transfer strategies & trying to scale up data that way, versus the strategies of training on real, non-robot data, which is readily available? I'm thinking about things like DexMachina learning from human ego-centric demonstration (could put smart glasses on people doing their everyday jobs) or Meta's V-JEPA 2 model that relies on the massive corpus of 'things happening in the world' to build a foundation model that has physical understanding.

Фото профиля Richa Sharma

Richa Sharma1 год назад

@chris_j_paxton I'm building browser-native generalized physics simulators and would love to chat about async agentic acceleration and scaling sim data. The current pipeline is incredibly fragmented.

Фото профиля Chris Paxton

Chris Paxton1 год назад

Yeah interesting!

Фото профиля Martin Matak

Martin Matak1 год назад

yes, your "probably" is correct: we modeled the table geometry as a collision in dextrah (the original one, wasn't part of the rgb extension)

Фото профиля Rawlala

Rawlala1 год назад

the comparison doesn't seem to hold the amount of info u can infer from the universe is literally (uncountably) infinite, and the amount of knowledge we already discover is huge already, hence the necessity for gpt to have access to huge amount of data but for physical task ?..

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How to use simulation data for real-world robot manipulation? We present sim-and-real co-training, a simple recipe for manipulation. We demonstrate that sim data can significantly enhance real-world performance, even with notable differences between the sim and the real. (1/n)

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185,486 просмотров • 10 месяцев назад

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The TWIML AI Podcast

22,592 просмотров • 7 месяцев назад

Policies trained on real robot data via imitation can be surprisingly capable. But for domains like dexterous manipulation, they are often not quite good enough: they move slowly, miss grasps, make unreliable contact, and fail under small perturbations. Can we improve them without any additional data collection on the real robot? In SCORE, we show that we can improve real-world diffusion/flow policies cheaply by using simulation to simply learn how to steer them on deployment. This leads to large gains in real-world success and speed across a variety of tasks, without requiring additional real-world experience: 🧵 (1/10)

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Abhishek Gupta

34,775 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

So I heard we need more data for robot learning :) Purely real world teleop is expensive and slow, making large scale data collection challenging. I’ve been excited about getting more data into robot learning, going beyond just real-world teleop data. To this end, we’ve been scaling up data generation with RL in realistic simulations generated on the fly from crowdsourced videos. Enables realistic data collection, much more cheaply than purely real world teleop. Importantly, data collection becomes even*cheaper* with more environments, allowing training with over 100x more data. Transfers to real robots for generalizable manipulation. A 🧵 (1/N)

So I heard we need more data for robot learning :) Purely real world teleop is expensive and slow, making large scale data collection challenging. I’ve been excited about getting more data into robot learning, going beyond just real-world teleop data. To this end, we’ve been scaling up data generation with RL in realistic simulations generated on the fly from crowdsourced videos. Enables realistic data collection, much more cheaply than purely real world teleop. Importantly, data collection becomes evencheaper with more environments, allowing training with over 100x more data. Transfers to real robots for generalizable manipulation. A 🧵 (1/N)

Abhishek Gupta

13,358 просмотров • 1 год назад

Over the last few months, we’ve been thinking about how to learn from “off-domain” data - data from non-robot sources like video or simulation. These data sources are not quite good enough to learn policies (even monolithic VLA models) directly, but they still contain lots of information that can be useful for generalizable robot control. How can we develop robot learning models that are able to make use of this type of data for generalizable control? In new work, that we call HAMSTER, we show that VLMs can be useful for enabling robotic learning from off-domain data, but specifically when used through hierarchical VLA architectures. We show that this class of models can learn generalizable robot policies for the real world from large-scale, off-domain data. A 🧵 (1/10)

Over the last few months, we’ve been thinking about how to learn from “off-domain” data - data from non-robot sources like video or simulation. These data sources are not quite good enough to learn policies (even monolithic VLA models) directly, but they still contain lots of information that can be useful for generalizable robot control. How can we develop robot learning models that are able to make use of this type of data for generalizable control? In new work, that we call HAMSTER, we show that VLMs can be useful for enabling robotic learning from off-domain data, but specifically when used through hierarchical VLA architectures. We show that this class of models can learn generalizable robot policies for the real world from large-scale, off-domain data. A 🧵 (1/10)

Abhishek Gupta

11,994 просмотров • 1 год назад

So we did a bunch of projects with real world reinforcement learning - but it was often too inefficient to be practical to train tabula rasa. This suggests we need better priors, but acquiring these from on-robot data can often be expensive as well. In our recent work, we show that despite being fundamentally inaccurate, simulation can guide provide a cheap way to guide real-world RL finetuning to be super efficient! We propose Simulation-Guided Fine-Tuning (SGFT) - a simple paradigm for sim2real finetuning that uses simulation to provide reward shaping that accelerates real world RL finetuning *beyond* just providing an initialization. TLDR: Use value functions from sim to shape rewards for real-world RL, see large sample efficiency improvements 🧵(1/6)

So we did a bunch of projects with real world reinforcement learning - but it was often too inefficient to be practical to train tabula rasa. This suggests we need better priors, but acquiring these from on-robot data can often be expensive as well. In our recent work, we show that despite being fundamentally inaccurate, simulation can guide provide a cheap way to guide real-world RL finetuning to be super efficient! We propose Simulation-Guided Fine-Tuning (SGFT) - a simple paradigm for sim2real finetuning that uses simulation to provide reward shaping that accelerates real world RL finetuning beyond just providing an initialization. TLDR: Use value functions from sim to shape rewards for real-world RL, see large sample efficiency improvements 🧵(1/6)

Abhishek Gupta

13,637 просмотров • 1 год назад

📢 Announcing one of the most exciting works from us this year on **scalable robot policy evaluation through real-to-sim transfer**, moving toward a scalable evaluation engine with structured world models that capture the appearance, geometry, and dynamics of environments involving deformable objects. 🤖 Evaluation remains one of the biggest bottlenecks in building general-purpose robots. Today, robots are still evaluated only in the real world, which is **orders of magnitude slower** than the development of language agents. We propose a new framework where simulation performance **strongly correlates** with the real world (r > 0.9), even for deformable objects. The key difference from existing work lies in the correlation between simulation and reality: if a robot model performs better in the digital world, does it also perform better in the real world? This question has long made people hesitant about simulation-based evaluation — especially for deformable objects. We are changing that. Our pipeline achieves effective real-to-sim transfer, establishing **state-of-the-art correlation** between simulation and reality for deformable object manipulation. It provides a **scalable and reproducible evaluation engine** for robot learning. 🌐

📢 Announcing one of the most exciting works from us this year on scalable robot policy evaluation through real-to-sim transfer, moving toward a scalable evaluation engine with structured world models that capture the appearance, geometry, and dynamics of environments involving deformable objects. 🤖 Evaluation remains one of the biggest bottlenecks in building general-purpose robots. Today, robots are still evaluated only in the real world, which is orders of magnitude slower than the development of language agents. We propose a new framework where simulation performance strongly correlates with the real world (r > 0.9), even for deformable objects. The key difference from existing work lies in the correlation between simulation and reality: if a robot model performs better in the digital world, does it also perform better in the real world? This question has long made people hesitant about simulation-based evaluation — especially for deformable objects. We are changing that. Our pipeline achieves effective real-to-sim transfer, establishing state-of-the-art correlation between simulation and reality for deformable object manipulation. It provides a scalable and reproducible evaluation engine for robot learning. 🌐

Yunzhu Li

39,960 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

Trained a humanoid entirely in a 3D scan of the office. Zero real-world fine-tuning. It just walked in and worked. RL needs hundreds of thousands of attempts, and real robots can't afford to crash. A misjudged gap or a glass door collision breaks hardware and costs hours resetting. So you train in a sim. But sim policies usually train on randomized, untextured geometry; depth is easy to fake. The robot learns structure, not the real world: no materials, no lighting, no idea what anything actually is. RGB cameras carry all of that but training RGB policies in generic fake worlds won’t generalize to the real world. Niantic Spatial 🌎 Scaniverse reconstructs your scan of the real deployment site. One 360° camera walkthrough → photorealistic 3D Gaussian splat at metric scale → collision mesh pulled from the same reconstruction, so vision and physics match exactly. Drops straight into NVIDIA Isaac Sim/Lab, no manual conversion. Flexion simulation-first approach then seamlessly enables the training of RGB-only nav policies inside that reconstruction. With added domain randomization + large image encoders for robustness, this deploys straight to hardware. No real-world fine-tuning. Deployment: months of on-site adaptation → days. Tune into the NVIDIA livestream on 12 August to hear how these companies are closing the sim2real gap: NVIDIA Robotics ~~ ♻️ Join the weekly robotics newsletter, and never miss any news →

Trained a humanoid entirely in a 3D scan of the office. Zero real-world fine-tuning. It just walked in and worked. RL needs hundreds of thousands of attempts, and real robots can't afford to crash. A misjudged gap or a glass door collision breaks hardware and costs hours resetting. So you train in a sim. But sim policies usually train on randomized, untextured geometry; depth is easy to fake. The robot learns structure, not the real world: no materials, no lighting, no idea what anything actually is. RGB cameras carry all of that but training RGB policies in generic fake worlds won’t generalize to the real world. Niantic Spatial 🌎 Scaniverse reconstructs your scan of the real deployment site. One 360° camera walkthrough → photorealistic 3D Gaussian splat at metric scale → collision mesh pulled from the same reconstruction, so vision and physics match exactly. Drops straight into NVIDIA Isaac Sim/Lab, no manual conversion. Flexion simulation-first approach then seamlessly enables the training of RGB-only nav policies inside that reconstruction. With added domain randomization + large image encoders for robustness, this deploys straight to hardware. No real-world fine-tuning. Deployment: months of on-site adaptation → days. Tune into the NVIDIA livestream on 12 August to hear how these companies are closing the sim2real gap: NVIDIA Robotics ~~ ♻️ Join the weekly robotics newsletter, and never miss any news →

Lukas Ziegler

119,091 просмотров • 19 дней назад

The coolest part of Microduck might not be the robot. It's how it learns to move. This repo shows the full reinforcement learning pipeline behind Microduck. The robot learns in simulation using MuJoCo, PPO and GPU-based training, then the trained policy is exported to ONNX and deployed on the real robot. But the real challenge is sim-to-real. The simulation models things like actuator behavior, battery voltage, command delays, friction and even gear backlash. That helps make the learned policy work when it moves from simulation to the physical robot. The repo includes policies for walking, fall recovery, sitting, standing, kicking, ground picking and even roller skating. Train in simulation. Test the behavior. Export the policy. Run it on a real robot.

The coolest part of Microduck might not be the robot. It's how it learns to move. This repo shows the full reinforcement learning pipeline behind Microduck. The robot learns in simulation using MuJoCo, PPO and GPU-based training, then the trained policy is exported to ONNX and deployed on the real robot. But the real challenge is sim-to-real. The simulation models things like actuator behavior, battery voltage, command delays, friction and even gear backlash. That helps make the learned policy work when it moves from simulation to the physical robot. The repo includes policies for walking, fall recovery, sitting, standing, kicking, ground picking and even roller skating. Train in simulation. Test the behavior. Export the policy. Run it on a real robot.

Praveen Kumar Verma

111,561 просмотров • 1 день назад

Historically, RL policies for robots have been trained in synthetic, untextured environments, limiting perceptive policies to depth images where the sim-to-real gap is manageable. RGB has always had more potential, but leveraging it to train policies in simulation remained an open problem. Partnering with Niantic Spatial 🌎 and NVIDIA Robotics, we built a pipeline that addresses exactly that. We can now scan a real deployment site with off-the-shelf hardware, reconstruct it into a photorealistic Gaussian splat, and run massively parallel RL training. The policies trained in our Gym environment then transfer zero-shot to the real robot and environments they were trained for. This enables faster deployment of more capable and robust policies for the end user. The new resulting capabilities are a big step towards solving sim-to-real and also apply well beyond navigation. Read the full technical breakdown on our blog; link in the comments. #HumanoidRobots #Flexion #NianticSpatial #NVIDIA

Historically, RL policies for robots have been trained in synthetic, untextured environments, limiting perceptive policies to depth images where the sim-to-real gap is manageable. RGB has always had more potential, but leveraging it to train policies in simulation remained an open problem. Partnering with Niantic Spatial 🌎 and NVIDIA Robotics, we built a pipeline that addresses exactly that. We can now scan a real deployment site with off-the-shelf hardware, reconstruct it into a photorealistic Gaussian splat, and run massively parallel RL training. The policies trained in our Gym environment then transfer zero-shot to the real robot and environments they were trained for. This enables faster deployment of more capable and robust policies for the end user. The new resulting capabilities are a big step towards solving sim-to-real and also apply well beyond navigation. Read the full technical breakdown on our blog; link in the comments. #HumanoidRobots #Flexion #NianticSpatial #NVIDIA

Flexion

71,971 просмотров • 1 месяц назад

Testing robot policies on hardware is slow, expensive and hard to scale. World models offer a promising path to accelerating robot policy development. We're sharing new research from the Runway Robotics team, in which we simulated 8 robot policies inside our General World Model and found 0.95 correlation with real-world results. Those early results point to world model simulation as a practical substitute for hardware evaluation, comparing favorably to existing real-to-sim approaches. Learn more at the link below.

Testing robot policies on hardware is slow, expensive and hard to scale. World models offer a promising path to accelerating robot policy development. We're sharing new research from the Runway Robotics team, in which we simulated 8 robot policies inside our General World Model and found 0.95 correlation with real-world results. Those early results point to world model simulation as a practical substitute for hardware evaluation, comparing favorably to existing real-to-sim approaches. Learn more at the link below.

Runway

13,464 просмотров • 6 месяцев назад

📢📢📢 Excited to release ManipTrans: Efficient Dexterous Bimanual Manipulation Transfer via Residual Learning (CVPR25). 🤏🤙✌️With ManipTrans, we can transfer dexterous manipulation skills into robotic hands in simulation and deploy them on a real robot, using a residual policy learned for dex manipulation. 🤖🤖🤖The video below illustrates how the MoCap data can be transferred to Inspire, Shadow, Xhand, Allegro, and Mano. With ManipTrans, we can scale up dex manip data greatly with minimal effort. For more details, please check our -webpage: -code: -huggingface:

📢📢📢 Excited to release ManipTrans: Efficient Dexterous Bimanual Manipulation Transfer via Residual Learning (CVPR25). 🤏🤙✌️With ManipTrans, we can transfer dexterous manipulation skills into robotic hands in simulation and deploy them on a real robot, using a residual policy learned for dex manipulation. 🤖🤖🤖The video below illustrates how the MoCap data can be transferred to Inspire, Shadow, Xhand, Allegro, and Mano. With ManipTrans, we can scale up dex manip data greatly with minimal effort. For more details, please check our -webpage: -code: -huggingface:

Siyuan Huang

20,983 просмотров • 1 год назад

The Real-to-Sim part of R2S2R transforms physical robots, sensors, environments, objects, and interactions into simulations that preserve task-relevant observations and dynamics - not only how the world looks, but how it acts when the robot interacts with it. These results set a new bar for sim-real alignment in robot manipulation.

The Real-to-Sim part of R2S2R transforms physical robots, sensors, environments, objects, and interactions into simulations that preserve task-relevant observations and dynamics - not only how the world looks, but how it acts when the robot interacts with it. These results set a new bar for sim-real alignment in robot manipulation.

Fei-Fei Li

25,199 просмотров • 1 месяц назад