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An orbit can be understood without first drawing the orbit itself. For a fixed angular momentum, its possible radial motion is encoded in the effective potential: minima support stable circular orbits, maxima support unstable ones, while the energy determines which radial regions can be reached. This turns orbital dynamics... show more

Philosophy Of Physics

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10,600 views • 2 days ago •via X (Twitter)

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Dundadah Bartholomew2 days ago

If you apply the concept of effective potential to life it turns personal dynamics into an intuitive map of energy, boundaries and habits. Just as a planet navigates a gravitational well, we navigate a psychological & behavioral landscape shaped by our drives and external forces.

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Physics feels stable, predictable, and well-behaved largely because we learned it in 3D. That comfort hides a trap. In 1907, Paul Ehrenfest pointed out something unsettling. If you take the laws we treat as fundamental and transplant them into a different number of spatial dimensions, they often stop working the way we expect. Not just numerically different but qualitatively different. The issue isn’t the force law by itself. It’s geometry. Gauss’s law ties inverse-square forces to the surface area of spheres, and sphere geometry depends on dimension. Change the dimension, and the same-looking force produces a different potential, a different balance of attraction and inertia, and a different fate for motion. You can see this cleanly with a single problem of central force motion. In d spatial dimensions, flux conservation gives F(r) ∝ 1 / rᵈ⁻¹ so the potential scales as V(r) ∝ −1 / rᵈ⁻² (for d ≠ 2) Now add angular momentum. The effective radial potential becomes V_eff(r) = L² / (2 m r²) − C / rᵈ⁻² In 3D, those two terms balance in just the right way to allow stable bound orbits. Small perturbations stay small. Atoms don’t collapse. Planets don’t spiral away. In other dimensions, that balance breaks. In 2D, the force becomes 1/r, the potential becomes logarithmic, and bound motion sits on a knife edge. In 4D and higher, the attractive term becomes too steep. The centrifugal barrier loses the fight. Orbits plunge or escape. Same equations. Same initial conditions. Different dimension. Different physics. This isn’t science fiction. It’s a warning label. So it's clear that a lot of what we call physical intuition is really three-dimensional intuition wearing a lab coat. #Physics #MathematicalPhysics #ClassicalMechanics #DynamicalSystems #Geometry #Ehrenfest

Physics feels stable, predictable, and well-behaved largely because we learned it in 3D. That comfort hides a trap. In 1907, Paul Ehrenfest pointed out something unsettling. If you take the laws we treat as fundamental and transplant them into a different number of spatial dimensions, they often stop working the way we expect. Not just numerically different but qualitatively different. The issue isn’t the force law by itself. It’s geometry. Gauss’s law ties inverse-square forces to the surface area of spheres, and sphere geometry depends on dimension. Change the dimension, and the same-looking force produces a different potential, a different balance of attraction and inertia, and a different fate for motion. You can see this cleanly with a single problem of central force motion. In d spatial dimensions, flux conservation gives F(r) ∝ 1 / rᵈ⁻¹ so the potential scales as V(r) ∝ −1 / rᵈ⁻² (for d ≠ 2) Now add angular momentum. The effective radial potential becomes V_eff(r) = L² / (2 m r²) − C / rᵈ⁻² In 3D, those two terms balance in just the right way to allow stable bound orbits. Small perturbations stay small. Atoms don’t collapse. Planets don’t spiral away. In other dimensions, that balance breaks. In 2D, the force becomes 1/r, the potential becomes logarithmic, and bound motion sits on a knife edge. In 4D and higher, the attractive term becomes too steep. The centrifugal barrier loses the fight. Orbits plunge or escape. Same equations. Same initial conditions. Different dimension. Different physics. This isn’t science fiction. It’s a warning label. So it's clear that a lot of what we call physical intuition is really three-dimensional intuition wearing a lab coat. #Physics #MathematicalPhysics #ClassicalMechanics #DynamicalSystems #Geometry #Ehrenfest

Mathelirium

32,305 views • 8 months ago

With an energy collapse in motion, it could be the end for the Cuban government (which would open up a whole new can of worms). #cuba #energy #crudeoil #geopolitics

With an energy collapse in motion, it could be the end for the Cuban government (which would open up a whole new can of worms). #cuba #energy #crudeoil #geopolitics

Peter Zeihan

18,190 views • 7 months ago

Stealing Energy from a Rotating Black Hole A rotating black hole doesn’t just pull things in. It drags spacetime itself into motion. In the spinning region just outside the horizon, nothing can remain still in any normal sense. That strange rule opens a loophole. One incoming body can split, with one piece swallowed while the other escapes with more energy than it came in with. A Penrose-style heist where the difference is paid for by the black hole’s rotation. The same idea shows up in wave form. A coherent packet can skim that region and return brighter, as if the geometry itself acted like an amplifier. Split near the ergosphere and you can steal spin. Skim it as a wave and you can come back louder.

Stealing Energy from a Rotating Black Hole A rotating black hole doesn’t just pull things in. It drags spacetime itself into motion. In the spinning region just outside the horizon, nothing can remain still in any normal sense. That strange rule opens a loophole. One incoming body can split, with one piece swallowed while the other escapes with more energy than it came in with. A Penrose-style heist where the difference is paid for by the black hole’s rotation. The same idea shows up in wave form. A coherent packet can skim that region and return brighter, as if the geometry itself acted like an amplifier. Split near the ergosphere and you can steal spin. Skim it as a wave and you can come back louder.

Mathelirium

20,314 views • 8 months ago

The #geometrynodes Curve Normals Proxy Rig is almost ready! You place it on the face and adjust some controls to line things up, and it just works. The controls can be worked with in lots of different ways. You can attach it to an existing rig or animate it. Those bones are controlling a mesh which controls the curve points, so you can also make Shapekeys on the meshes instead and Drive them to match other expression keys! The forehead above the top curve blends to Radial Normals, and under the chin blends to the actual mesh Normals. I'm adding the rest of the controls to allow completely arbitrary Normals per curve point, and then its just cleanup and it can be released! (There's lots more that can be added to it like falloff and interpolation controls, but if I try to put everything into the first version it'll never release.)

The #geometrynodes Curve Normals Proxy Rig is almost ready! You place it on the face and adjust some controls to line things up, and it just works. The controls can be worked with in lots of different ways. You can attach it to an existing rig or animate it. Those bones are controlling a mesh which controls the curve points, so you can also make Shapekeys on the meshes instead and Drive them to match other expression keys! The forehead above the top curve blends to Radial Normals, and under the chin blends to the actual mesh Normals. I'm adding the rest of the controls to allow completely arbitrary Normals per curve point, and then its just cleanup and it can be released! (There's lots more that can be added to it like falloff and interpolation controls, but if I try to put everything into the first version it'll never release.)

aVersionOfReality

57,639 views • 1 year ago

In Calculus of Variations, we give up the idea of only optimizing values and start optimizing geometries instead. The unknown is not a single x. It is a whole curve/surface y(x). The object you are minimizing is usually not a simple formula that you can guess. It is an integral that judges the whole shape. In our first lecture, we discuss the famous Brachistochrone problem. You choose two points, turn on gravity and ask a question which almost sounds too simple...which track will allow a bead to move from A to B in the minimum time? At your first attempt, your instinct will lead you astray. It is not the straight line. It is not the drop hard then cruise sketch either. The winner turns out to be a cycloid...the curve a point on a rolling circle traces. The track is the moving character in the animation. We begin with a flawed curve, perform gradient descent in curve-space, and observe the geometry change frame by frame as T[y] collapses to the brachistochrone. Please see the comment below for the math breakdown. #CalculusOfVariations #Brachistochrone #Cycloid #Physics #Optimization #Mathematics

In Calculus of Variations, we give up the idea of only optimizing values and start optimizing geometries instead. The unknown is not a single x. It is a whole curve/surface y(x). The object you are minimizing is usually not a simple formula that you can guess. It is an integral that judges the whole shape. In our first lecture, we discuss the famous Brachistochrone problem. You choose two points, turn on gravity and ask a question which almost sounds too simple...which track will allow a bead to move from A to B in the minimum time? At your first attempt, your instinct will lead you astray. It is not the straight line. It is not the drop hard then cruise sketch either. The winner turns out to be a cycloid...the curve a point on a rolling circle traces. The track is the moving character in the animation. We begin with a flawed curve, perform gradient descent in curve-space, and observe the geometry change frame by frame as T[y] collapses to the brachistochrone. Please see the comment below for the math breakdown. #CalculusOfVariations #Brachistochrone #Cycloid #Physics #Optimization #Mathematics

Mathelirium

23,254 views • 4 months ago

Calculus of Variations is what happens when you stop optimizing values and start optimizing geometries. The unknown isn’t a single x...it’s a whole curve y(x). And the thing you’re minimizing usually isn’t a formula you can eyeball...it’s an integral that judges the entire shape. For our first lecture, we look at the famous Brachistochrone problem. Fix two points, switch on gravity, and ask a question that sounds too simple...which track gets a bead from A to B in the least time? Your intuition will betray you on the first try. It’s not the straight line. It’s not the drop hard then cruise sketch either. The winner is a cycloid...the curve traced by a point on a rolling circle. In the animation, the track is the moving character. We start with an imperfect curve, run gradient descent in curve-space, and watch the geometry reshape frame by frame as T[y] collapses until it locks into the brachistochrone. Pls see the comment below for the math breakdown. #CalculusOfVariations #Brachistochrone #Cycloid #Physics #Optimization #Mathematics

Calculus of Variations is what happens when you stop optimizing values and start optimizing geometries. The unknown isn’t a single x...it’s a whole curve y(x). And the thing you’re minimizing usually isn’t a formula you can eyeball...it’s an integral that judges the entire shape. For our first lecture, we look at the famous Brachistochrone problem. Fix two points, switch on gravity, and ask a question that sounds too simple...which track gets a bead from A to B in the least time? Your intuition will betray you on the first try. It’s not the straight line. It’s not the drop hard then cruise sketch either. The winner is a cycloid...the curve traced by a point on a rolling circle. In the animation, the track is the moving character. We start with an imperfect curve, run gradient descent in curve-space, and watch the geometry reshape frame by frame as T[y] collapses until it locks into the brachistochrone. Pls see the comment below for the math breakdown. #CalculusOfVariations #Brachistochrone #Cycloid #Physics #Optimization #Mathematics

Mathelirium

106,981 views • 9 months ago

More on the system used for the Eyebrows. As shown before, a curve is projected on the face, and then the eyebrow mesh is wrapped onto the curve. Unlike before, there is now a second layer of projection that guarantees the eyebrow mesh stays above the surface of the face even when there are ridges between the points of the curve, as seen here where the eyebrow can be moved below the brow ridge without clipping. Also there's a basic setup for procedurally controlling the taper of the eyebrow with math (in this case, a float curve node, but could be pure math, color ramp, etc.) #b3d

More on the system used for the Eyebrows. As shown before, a curve is projected on the face, and then the eyebrow mesh is wrapped onto the curve. Unlike before, there is now a second layer of projection that guarantees the eyebrow mesh stays above the surface of the face even when there are ridges between the points of the curve, as seen here where the eyebrow can be moved below the brow ridge without clipping. Also there's a basic setup for procedurally controlling the taper of the eyebrow with math (in this case, a float curve node, but could be pure math, color ramp, etc.) #b3d

aVersionOfReality

20,039 views • 1 year ago

Astronomers have discovered an extraordinary star orbiting Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, on the most extreme stellar orbit observed there so far. The star, designated S301, was identified using the GRAVITY instrument and its upgraded GRAVITY+ system on ESO’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer in Chile. What makes S301 particularly important is not simply its enormous speed, but how deeply its orbit carries it into the strongly curved spacetime surrounding the black hole. S301 completes one orbit in only about 8.7 years, the shortest known period for a star around Sagittarius A*, and during its closest approach it passes roughly 1.78 billion kilometres from the black hole, only about 12 times the Earth–Sun distance and comparable to the distance between Saturn and the Sun. At that point it reaches around 25,000 km/s, more than 8% of the speed of light, making it the fastest known star in the Milky Way. Sagittarius A* contains approximately 4.3 million times the mass of the Sun, compressed into a region small enough to behave observationally as a black hole. Astronomers have been studying stars around it for decades because their trajectories provide exceptionally clean tests of gravity. The most famous example is S2, whose 16-year orbit has already allowed researchers to detect gravitational redshift and relativistic orbital precession exactly where general relativity predicts them. S301 takes this experiment much further. Its orbit is extremely elongated, with an eccentricity of about 0.98, and at pericentre it approaches Sagittarius A* roughly ten times more closely than S2 in terms of Schwarzschild radii. The resulting relativistic effects should therefore be considerably stronger. The most interesting consequence is that S301 may allow astronomers to directly measure the spin of Sagittarius A*. According to general relativity, a rotating black hole does not simply curve spacetime through its mass; its rotation also drags the surrounding spacetime with it. This phenomenon, known as frame dragging or the Lense–Thirring effect, produces an additional precession in the orbit of an object moving close to the black hole. The effect becomes rapidly weaker with distance, which is why it has been extremely difficult to detect using previously known stars around Sagittarius A*. S301 travels close enough that the change in its orbit caused by the black hole’s rotation may become measurable within roughly the next decade. Importantly, the researchers have not yet measured the spin of Sagittarius A* from S301. Rather, they have discovered a star whose orbit is sensitive enough to that spin that such a direct measurement may now be realistically achievable. The discovery was technically difficult because S301 is extraordinarily faint. In the infrared K band it has a magnitude of about 19.3, and ESO notes that it appears roughly two billion times fainter than Betelgeuse in the sky. GRAVITY achieves the necessary angular resolution by combining the light from four 8.2-metre Unit Telescopes of the VLT through interferometry, effectively producing a virtual telescope with far greater resolving power than any individual telescope. The team first clearly identified S301 in observations from 2023 and subsequently followed it during 2024 and 2025. Once its preliminary orbit was established, astronomers were able to trace it retrospectively in earlier data from 2021 and even find evidence for it in observations obtained in 2017. Altogether, 19 astrometric measurements were used to constrain its orbit. There is still an important limitation: S301 is currently too faint for researchers to obtain a reliable spectrum and radial velocity. Without that information, two possible three-dimensional orientations of its orbit remain compatible with the observations. Future instruments should resolve this problem. In particular, MICADO on ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope should be sensitive enough to obtain spectroscopy of S301 and determine its radial velocity, while continued observations with GRAVITY+ will refine its astrometry. Its next pericentre passage is expected in 2031, and observing at least two complete orbits should give researchers the precision needed to search for the subtle additional precession produced by the spin of Sagittarius A*. S301 may also provide clues about how stars end up so close to a supermassive black hole. Stars are unlikely to form normally at such small distances because the black hole’s tidal forces make the collapse of ordinary star-forming clouds extremely difficult. The researchers instead favour a scenario involving the Hills mechanism. S301 may originally have belonged to a tight binary system that approached Sagittarius A*. The black hole’s tidal gravity could have torn the binary apart, capturing S301 onto its present highly eccentric orbit while ejecting its companion at enormous velocity, potentially fast enough for that star to escape the Milky Way entirely. The observed orbit of S301 is consistent with this interpretation. The importance of the discovery therefore goes beyond setting a speed record. S301 effectively acts as a natural test particle moving through one of the strongest gravitational fields that astronomers can study using individual stars. Tracking its motion could provide the first direct stellar-dynamical measurement of the rotation of Sagittarius A*, improve tests of general relativity in the strong-field regime and, over longer timescales, potentially probe more subtle properties predicted for rotating Kerr black holes. Instead of observing the black hole itself, we can use the trajectory of S301 to map how Sagittarius A* deforms and twists the spacetime around it. 👉

Astronomers have discovered an extraordinary star orbiting Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, on the most extreme stellar orbit observed there so far. The star, designated S301, was identified using the GRAVITY instrument and its upgraded GRAVITY+ system on ESO’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer in Chile. What makes S301 particularly important is not simply its enormous speed, but how deeply its orbit carries it into the strongly curved spacetime surrounding the black hole. S301 completes one orbit in only about 8.7 years, the shortest known period for a star around Sagittarius A, and during its closest approach it passes roughly 1.78 billion kilometres from the black hole, only about 12 times the Earth–Sun distance and comparable to the distance between Saturn and the Sun. At that point it reaches around 25,000 km/s, more than 8% of the speed of light, making it the fastest known star in the Milky Way. Sagittarius A* contains approximately 4.3 million times the mass of the Sun, compressed into a region small enough to behave observationally as a black hole. Astronomers have been studying stars around it for decades because their trajectories provide exceptionally clean tests of gravity. The most famous example is S2, whose 16-year orbit has already allowed researchers to detect gravitational redshift and relativistic orbital precession exactly where general relativity predicts them. S301 takes this experiment much further. Its orbit is extremely elongated, with an eccentricity of about 0.98, and at pericentre it approaches Sagittarius A* roughly ten times more closely than S2 in terms of Schwarzschild radii. The resulting relativistic effects should therefore be considerably stronger. The most interesting consequence is that S301 may allow astronomers to directly measure the spin of Sagittarius A. According to general relativity, a rotating black hole does not simply curve spacetime through its mass; its rotation also drags the surrounding spacetime with it. This phenomenon, known as frame dragging or the Lense–Thirring effect, produces an additional precession in the orbit of an object moving close to the black hole. The effect becomes rapidly weaker with distance, which is why it has been extremely difficult to detect using previously known stars around Sagittarius A. S301 travels close enough that the change in its orbit caused by the black hole’s rotation may become measurable within roughly the next decade. Importantly, the researchers have not yet measured the spin of Sagittarius A* from S301. Rather, they have discovered a star whose orbit is sensitive enough to that spin that such a direct measurement may now be realistically achievable. The discovery was technically difficult because S301 is extraordinarily faint. In the infrared K band it has a magnitude of about 19.3, and ESO notes that it appears roughly two billion times fainter than Betelgeuse in the sky. GRAVITY achieves the necessary angular resolution by combining the light from four 8.2-metre Unit Telescopes of the VLT through interferometry, effectively producing a virtual telescope with far greater resolving power than any individual telescope. The team first clearly identified S301 in observations from 2023 and subsequently followed it during 2024 and 2025. Once its preliminary orbit was established, astronomers were able to trace it retrospectively in earlier data from 2021 and even find evidence for it in observations obtained in 2017. Altogether, 19 astrometric measurements were used to constrain its orbit. There is still an important limitation: S301 is currently too faint for researchers to obtain a reliable spectrum and radial velocity. Without that information, two possible three-dimensional orientations of its orbit remain compatible with the observations. Future instruments should resolve this problem. In particular, MICADO on ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope should be sensitive enough to obtain spectroscopy of S301 and determine its radial velocity, while continued observations with GRAVITY+ will refine its astrometry. Its next pericentre passage is expected in 2031, and observing at least two complete orbits should give researchers the precision needed to search for the subtle additional precession produced by the spin of Sagittarius A. S301 may also provide clues about how stars end up so close to a supermassive black hole. Stars are unlikely to form normally at such small distances because the black hole’s tidal forces make the collapse of ordinary star-forming clouds extremely difficult. The researchers instead favour a scenario involving the Hills mechanism. S301 may originally have belonged to a tight binary system that approached Sagittarius A. The black hole’s tidal gravity could have torn the binary apart, capturing S301 onto its present highly eccentric orbit while ejecting its companion at enormous velocity, potentially fast enough for that star to escape the Milky Way entirely. The observed orbit of S301 is consistent with this interpretation. The importance of the discovery therefore goes beyond setting a speed record. S301 effectively acts as a natural test particle moving through one of the strongest gravitational fields that astronomers can study using individual stars. Tracking its motion could provide the first direct stellar-dynamical measurement of the rotation of Sagittarius A, improve tests of general relativity in the strong-field regime and, over longer timescales, potentially probe more subtle properties predicted for rotating Kerr black holes. Instead of observing the black hole itself, we can use the trajectory of S301 to map how Sagittarius A deforms and twists the spacetime around it. 👉

Erika 

305,127 views • 1 month ago

Good chat with GB news just now, yes honestly….:). Afterwards they talked to each other sharing doubts that the price of North Sea oil and gas can actually be controlled - that’s a fairly classic or standard thought and expected, I could have helped them if they had asked me. I did point out that we can use the green energy support mechanism for this, that sets a fixed price for new green energy - regardless of where the energy gets sold and at what price. Called a CFD it’s pretty slick and we can use it to support the North Sea and save money - and hopefully end this distracting saga..:)

Good chat with GB news just now, yes honestly….:). Afterwards they talked to each other sharing doubts that the price of North Sea oil and gas can actually be controlled - that’s a fairly classic or standard thought and expected, I could have helped them if they had asked me. I did point out that we can use the green energy support mechanism for this, that sets a fixed price for new green energy - regardless of where the energy gets sold and at what price. Called a CFD it’s pretty slick and we can use it to support the North Sea and save money - and hopefully end this distracting saga..:)

Dale Vince

13,895 views • 1 month ago

Orbit is not space. Elon: “It is actually relatively easy to get to space, but it is very hard to get to orbit. This is easily a hundred times harder… maybe a thousand.” Burt Rutan’s SpaceShipOne reached the edge of space twice without scorching the paint. Returning from true orbit requires intense heat shielding or the vehicle is destroyed. That single energy gap is why orbital reusability remains the hardest engineering problem in rocketry and why Starship’s thermal protection system is non-negotiable.

Orbit is not space. Elon: “It is actually relatively easy to get to space, but it is very hard to get to orbit. This is easily a hundred times harder… maybe a thousand.” Burt Rutan’s SpaceShipOne reached the edge of space twice without scorching the paint. Returning from true orbit requires intense heat shielding or the vehicle is destroyed. That single energy gap is why orbital reusability remains the hardest engineering problem in rocketry and why Starship’s thermal protection system is non-negotiable.

Lacey

37,302 views • 1 month ago

I had a meeting with a bipartisan delegation from the U.S. House of Representatives, during which I presented the key points of the Victory Plan, which can strengthen us on the path to peace. We are at a critical juncture in this war. We need really strong pressure and strong positions for Ukraine. We also discussed the situation on the battlefield, the protection of our energy grid, and the preparation of our country for the winter ahead. Freedom relies on the bipartisan support and determination of the United States. I am grateful for America’s support for Ukraine, which saves lives of our people and helps defend our independence and freedom.

I had a meeting with a bipartisan delegation from the U.S. House of Representatives, during which I presented the key points of the Victory Plan, which can strengthen us on the path to peace. We are at a critical juncture in this war. We need really strong pressure and strong positions for Ukraine. We also discussed the situation on the battlefield, the protection of our energy grid, and the preparation of our country for the winter ahead. Freedom relies on the bipartisan support and determination of the United States. I am grateful for America’s support for Ukraine, which saves lives of our people and helps defend our independence and freedom.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Володимир Зеленський

346,130 views • 2 years ago

YOUR WORLD IS NOT THEIR WORLD Your perspective is the lens through which you see the world And you have always control over this perspective Thus, you can create and destroy worlds in an instant - this is your power! Energy moves and flows, it is never destroyed. The levels of energy we encounter can be low, negative or high, and positive. We are a human node in a network of energy and we can be a positive transmitter or a negative one. It always reminds me of the situation of ‘a recession’ If a recession occurs, everyone freaks out and the widespread beliefs of ‘we’ll make less money, it’s harder to get a job’ become accepted by others But during The Great Depression, MANY millionaires were made. This example shows that you should always have the internal perspective that things can go well for you. Because when we filter energy and ‘the world’ through our chosen, positively intensifying one, we help those around us by magnifying the good and reflecting it back to them. And that’s a powerful thing!

YOUR WORLD IS NOT THEIR WORLD Your perspective is the lens through which you see the world And you have always control over this perspective Thus, you can create and destroy worlds in an instant - this is your power! Energy moves and flows, it is never destroyed. The levels of energy we encounter can be low, negative or high, and positive. We are a human node in a network of energy and we can be a positive transmitter or a negative one. It always reminds me of the situation of ‘a recession’ If a recession occurs, everyone freaks out and the widespread beliefs of ‘we’ll make less money, it’s harder to get a job’ become accepted by others But during The Great Depression, MANY millionaires were made. This example shows that you should always have the internal perspective that things can go well for you. Because when we filter energy and ‘the world’ through our chosen, positively intensifying one, we help those around us by magnifying the good and reflecting it back to them. And that’s a powerful thing!

⚡️🌞 Sol Brah 🌞🐬

35,837 views • 2 years ago

What is the Spacetime Aether? Conventional physics would claim that space is an empty vacuum. It discounts the 'Zero-Point Energy' (ZPE) constantly fluctuating in and out of existence. The Casimir force shows us there is a latent negative energy pressure when we put two parallel plates close to one another. They suddenly attract. There must be quantum fluctuations we can't see. We invented 'dark matter' to explain why there appears to be more stickiness with stars that orbit their galaxies. We invented 'dark energy' to explain how the universe can expand faster than the speed of light. What if we add up all the quantum fluctuations across the cosmos? That would be a massive amount of energy. Could that account for 'dark matter?' What if we take it a step further and assume the quantum fluctuations are just the energy seeping through from a vast ocean of potential energy? Could that account for 'dark energy?' That ocean of energy is Spacetime Aether. Tapping into it represents a new source of practically unlimited power for humanity.

What is the Spacetime Aether? Conventional physics would claim that space is an empty vacuum. It discounts the 'Zero-Point Energy' (ZPE) constantly fluctuating in and out of existence. The Casimir force shows us there is a latent negative energy pressure when we put two parallel plates close to one another. They suddenly attract. There must be quantum fluctuations we can't see. We invented 'dark matter' to explain why there appears to be more stickiness with stars that orbit their galaxies. We invented 'dark energy' to explain how the universe can expand faster than the speed of light. What if we add up all the quantum fluctuations across the cosmos? That would be a massive amount of energy. Could that account for 'dark matter?' What if we take it a step further and assume the quantum fluctuations are just the energy seeping through from a vast ocean of potential energy? Could that account for 'dark energy?' That ocean of energy is Spacetime Aether. Tapping into it represents a new source of practically unlimited power for humanity.

Ashton Forbes

92,416 views • 2 years ago

This isn't just an animation-it's the actual orbital path of Star S2 around the supermassive black hole at the center of our Milky Way, Sagittarius A*. For 27 years, astronomers tracked S2 as it danced around a 4.1-million-solar-mass "invisible" object. The mind-blowing part? Look closely at the orbit. It doesn't trace a perfect, closed loop. Instead, the orbit itself rotates over time, creating a flower-like pattern. This is called Schwarzschild Precession. According to Newton, gravity should keep the orbit in a fixed ellipse. But Einstein's General Relativity predicted that in extreme gravity, space-time is so warped that the orbit must space-time is so warped that the orbit must shift. In 2020, the VLT (Very Large Telescope) finally confirmed this shift, proving Einstein's theory holds up even at the edge of a black hole!

This isn't just an animation-it's the actual orbital path of Star S2 around the supermassive black hole at the center of our Milky Way, Sagittarius A*. For 27 years, astronomers tracked S2 as it danced around a 4.1-million-solar-mass "invisible" object. The mind-blowing part? Look closely at the orbit. It doesn't trace a perfect, closed loop. Instead, the orbit itself rotates over time, creating a flower-like pattern. This is called Schwarzschild Precession. According to Newton, gravity should keep the orbit in a fixed ellipse. But Einstein's General Relativity predicted that in extreme gravity, space-time is so warped that the orbit must space-time is so warped that the orbit must shift. In 2020, the VLT (Very Large Telescope) finally confirmed this shift, proving Einstein's theory holds up even at the edge of a black hole!

Physics-astronomy

71,107 views • 4 months ago

400 kilometers above Earth, a butterfly emerged from its pupa in orbit—a breakthrough by Chinese researchers showing that life can persist, and even take flight, in microgravity. The achievement marks a notable advance in space life science under extreme conditions. The butterfly developed inside a small, sealed space system designed by a team from Chongqing University and launched into orbit in December 2025. Images from space showed it resting on leaves, fluttering its wings, and moving freely inside the capsule, while monitoring data confirmed that the miniature environment remained stable despite the challenges posed by microgravity. Behind the moment lay years of technical work. By overcoming key scientific hurdles and building a lightweight, self-sustaining ecosystem, the research team demonstrated that complex life processes can be supported in orbit. The “space butterfly” offers new insight into the resilience of Earth life and provides a basis for future missions aimed at sustaining life during long journeys beyond the planet.

400 kilometers above Earth, a butterfly emerged from its pupa in orbit—a breakthrough by Chinese researchers showing that life can persist, and even take flight, in microgravity. The achievement marks a notable advance in space life science under extreme conditions. The butterfly developed inside a small, sealed space system designed by a team from Chongqing University and launched into orbit in December 2025. Images from space showed it resting on leaves, fluttering its wings, and moving freely inside the capsule, while monitoring data confirmed that the miniature environment remained stable despite the challenges posed by microgravity. Behind the moment lay years of technical work. By overcoming key scientific hurdles and building a lightweight, self-sustaining ecosystem, the research team demonstrated that complex life processes can be supported in orbit. The “space butterfly” offers new insight into the resilience of Earth life and provides a basis for future missions aimed at sustaining life during long journeys beyond the planet.

Sinical

117,337 views • 8 months ago

Didmus Barasa: The day we begin to have a conversation about how the people of Bungoma can benefit from the climatic conditions in Ukambani — which support the growing of fruits and sorghum — and how the people of Ukambani can benefit from the maize and sugarcane grown in Bungoma, that is when we will truly begin to advance as a country. We must stop viewing regions through a political lens — for instance, seeing the people of Nyanza only as ODM supporters. #KTNPrime Jesse Rogers

Didmus Barasa: The day we begin to have a conversation about how the people of Bungoma can benefit from the climatic conditions in Ukambani — which support the growing of fruits and sorghum — and how the people of Ukambani can benefit from the maize and sugarcane grown in Bungoma, that is when we will truly begin to advance as a country. We must stop viewing regions through a political lens — for instance, seeing the people of Nyanza only as ODM supporters. #KTNPrime Jesse Rogers

KTN News

43,874 views • 1 year ago

Only together we can create the best version of the world we want to live in. We stay committed to support the United Nations system and an effective & inclusive multilateralism that can deliver on the #SDGs. For a more prosper world for all. #MultilateralismDay

Only together we can create the best version of the world we want to live in. We stay committed to support the United Nations system and an effective & inclusive multilateralism that can deliver on the #SDGs. For a more prosper world for all. #MultilateralismDay

European External Action Service - EEAS 🇪🇺

23,035 views • 3 years ago

$When gravitational potential rotates, it can lock onto an orbit’s phase and start rearranging motion. Order can turn into visible structure, and structure can slide into chaos, without any collisions or extra bodies. This is a toy barred galaxy...a softened central potential plus a rotating bar-shaped overdensity. The bar is not a metronome. Its angle sways and wobbles, and its strength breathes over time, so the force field keeps changing. I seed about 45k test stars on near-circular orbits in a ring and evolve them by using Newton’s 2nd law step by step (velocity Verlet scheme)...the potential is time-dependent. As the bar turns, resonances trap some stars into long-lived orbital families. Others get stretched into spiral-like streams as the ring is sheared. A fraction drift into chaotic layers, where tiny timing differences blow up because the resonance boundaries are moving. What you see in the trails is phase space being rewritten...stable islands, separating boundaries, broken tori, and mixing. #Astrophysics #GalacticDynamics #BarredGalaxy #HamiltonianChaos #PhaseSpace #OrbitalResonance$

When gravitational potential rotates, it can lock onto an orbit’s phase and start rearranging motion. Order can turn into visible structure, and structure can slide into chaos, without any collisions or extra bodies. This is a toy barred galaxy...a softened central potential plus a rotating bar-shaped overdensity. The bar is not a metronome. Its angle sways and wobbles, and its strength breathes over time, so the force field keeps changing. I seed about 45k test stars on near-circular orbits in a ring and evolve them by using Newton’s 2nd law step by step (velocity Verlet scheme)...the potential is time-dependent. As the bar turns, resonances trap some stars into long-lived orbital families. Others get stretched into spiral-like streams as the ring is sheared. A fraction drift into chaotic layers, where tiny timing differences blow up because the resonance boundaries are moving. What you see in the trails is phase space being rewritten...stable islands, separating boundaries, broken tori, and mixing. #Astrophysics #GalacticDynamics #BarredGalaxy #HamiltonianChaos #PhaseSpace #OrbitalResonance

Mathelirium

16,103 views • 8 months ago