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Announcing How Transformer LLMs Work, created with Jay Alammar and Maarten Grootendorst, co-authors of the beautifully illustrated book, “Hands-On Large Language Models.” This course offers a deep dive into the inner workings of the transformer architecture that powers large language models (LLMs). The transformer architecture revolutionized generative AI; in... fact, the "GPT" in ChatGPT stands for "Generative Pre-Trained Transformer." Originally introduced in the Google Brain team's groundbreaking 2017 paper "Attention Is All You Need," by Vaswani and others, transformers were a highly scalable model for machine translation tasks. Variants of this architecture now power today’s LLMs such as those from OpenAI, Google, Meta, Cohere, Anthropic and DeepSeek. In this course, you’ll learn in detail how LLMs process text. You'll also work through code examples that illustrate that transformer's individual components. In details, you’ll learn: - How the representation of language has evolved, from Bag-of-Words to Word2Vec embeddings to the transformer architecture that captures a word's meanings taking into account the context of other words in the input. - How inputs are broken down into tokens before they are sent to the language model. - The details of a transformer's main stages: Tokenization and embedding, the stack of transformer blocks, and the language model head. - The inner workings of the transformer block, including attention, which calculates relevance scores, and the feedforward layer, which incorporates stored information learned in training. - How cached calculations make transformers faster. - Some of the most recent ideas in the latest models such as Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) which uses multiple sub-models and a router on each layer to improve the quality of LLMs. By the end of this course, you’ll have a deep understanding of how LLMs actually process text and be able to read through papers describing the latest models and understand the details. Gaining this intuition will improve your approach to building LLM applications. Please sign up here:show more

Andrew Ng

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269,817 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce •via X (Twitter)

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Manish Sharma1 yıl önce

@JayAlammar @MaartenGr An introduction before people take the course ⬇️

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2 million security questions answered! 🚀 Our team of over 200 expert analysts have compiled their most valuable insights learned from answering 2 million questions, revealing key trends in the current cybersecurity landscape and their implications for businesses.

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Edrick🕗1 yıl önce

@JayAlammar @MaartenGr Great timing in releasing this course. Much needed

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Amer Amayreh1 yıl önce

@JayAlammar @MaartenGr Great, thanks.

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berozgaarin1 yıl önce

@JayAlammar @MaartenGr GOAT

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Ra Ra1 yıl önce

@JayAlammar @MaartenGr Dude, I m hitting 500

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Data & Analytics1 yıl önce

@JayAlammar @MaartenGr @AndrewYNg, this course sounds fascinating! Understanding transformer architecture is crucial for future advancements in AI. I can't wait to explore the insights it offers and improve our technological landscape! 🚀 #AIRevolution

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Mohammed Lubbad 🇵🇸1 yıl önce

@JayAlammar @MaartenGr Understanding transformer LLMs is crucial for future innovations in AI. How will this reshaping impact our daily workflows? 🤔 #DigitalTransformation

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Vincent Valentine (CEO of UnOpen.ai)1 yıl önce

@JayAlammar @MaartenGr Exciting news. This course sounds incredibly insightful.

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Nikita Namjoshi1 yıl önce

@JayAlammar @MaartenGr yessss. so excited for this!!

Benzer Videolar

New short course: Attention in Transformers: Concepts and Code in PyTorch. Last week we released a course on how LLM transformers work. This week, go deeper and learn about the technical ideas behind the attention mechanism, and see how to code it in PyTorch. This course is built with Joshua Starmer, Founder and CEO of StatQuest. The attention mechanism was a breakthrough that led to transformers, the architecture powering large language models like ChatGPT. Transformers, introduced in the 2017 paper: "Attention is All You Need" by Viswani and others, took off because of its highly scalable design. In this course, you’ll learn how the attention mechanism, a key element of transformer-based LLMs, works and implement it in PyTorch. You'll develop deep intuition about building reliable, functional, and scalable AI applications. What you will do: - Understand the evolution of the attention mechanism, a key breakthrough that led to transformers. - Learn the relationships between word embeddings, positional embeddings, and attention. - Learn about the Query, Key, and Value matrices, and how to produce and use them in attention. - Walk through the math required to calculate self-attention and masked self-attention to learn why and how they work. - Understand the difference between self-attention and masked self-attention and how one is used in the encoder to build context-aware embeddings and the other is used in the decoder for generative outputs. - Learn the details of the encoder-decoder architecture, cross-attention, and multi-head attention and how they are all incorporated into a transformer. - Use PyTorch to code a class that implements self-attention, masked self-attention, and multi-head attention. There're lots of exciting technical details in this course. Please sign up here:

New short course: Attention in Transformers: Concepts and Code in PyTorch. Last week we released a course on how LLM transformers work. This week, go deeper and learn about the technical ideas behind the attention mechanism, and see how to code it in PyTorch. This course is built with Joshua Starmer, Founder and CEO of StatQuest. The attention mechanism was a breakthrough that led to transformers, the architecture powering large language models like ChatGPT. Transformers, introduced in the 2017 paper: "Attention is All You Need" by Viswani and others, took off because of its highly scalable design. In this course, you’ll learn how the attention mechanism, a key element of transformer-based LLMs, works and implement it in PyTorch. You'll develop deep intuition about building reliable, functional, and scalable AI applications. What you will do: - Understand the evolution of the attention mechanism, a key breakthrough that led to transformers. - Learn the relationships between word embeddings, positional embeddings, and attention. - Learn about the Query, Key, and Value matrices, and how to produce and use them in attention. - Walk through the math required to calculate self-attention and masked self-attention to learn why and how they work. - Understand the difference between self-attention and masked self-attention and how one is used in the encoder to build context-aware embeddings and the other is used in the decoder for generative outputs. - Learn the details of the encoder-decoder architecture, cross-attention, and multi-head attention and how they are all incorporated into a transformer. - Use PyTorch to code a class that implements self-attention, masked self-attention, and multi-head attention. There're lots of exciting technical details in this course. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

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New short course: Build Long-Context AI Apps with Jamba. Learn about state space models (SSMs), which have emerged as an alternative to transformers! Specifically, Jamba is a hybrid transformer-Mamba architecture that combines strengths of the transformer with ideas from SSMs. This course is built with AI21 Labs and taught by Chen Wang and Chen Almagor. The transformer architecture is computationally expensive when handling very long input contexts. But there's an alternative called Mamba, a selective state space model that can process very long contexts with a much lower computational cost. However, researchers found that the pure Mamba architecture underperforms in understanding the context, and gives lower-quality responses. To overcome this, AI21 developed the Jamba model, which combines Mamba's computational efficiency with the transformer's attention mechanism to help with the output quality. In this course, you’ll learn about how state space models, and Jamba, work. You’ll also learn how to prompt Jamba, use it to process long documents, and build long-context RAG apps. - Learn how Jamba combines transformer and state space model architectures to achieve high performance and quality - Use the AI21 SDK, with an example of prompting over a large 200k-token annual financial report of Nvidia - Use Jamba for tool-calling, with hands-on examples from calling simple arithmetic calculations to a function that returns quarterly company financial reports. - Learn how training for long context is done, and the metrics used for its evaluation - Create a RAG app using the AI21 Conversational RAG tool and build your own RAG pipeline that uses Jamba and LangChain. By the end of this course, you'll learn how to build applications that can handle context as long as an entire book. Please sign up here:

New short course: Build Long-Context AI Apps with Jamba. Learn about state space models (SSMs), which have emerged as an alternative to transformers! Specifically, Jamba is a hybrid transformer-Mamba architecture that combines strengths of the transformer with ideas from SSMs. This course is built with AI21 Labs and taught by Chen Wang and Chen Almagor. The transformer architecture is computationally expensive when handling very long input contexts. But there's an alternative called Mamba, a selective state space model that can process very long contexts with a much lower computational cost. However, researchers found that the pure Mamba architecture underperforms in understanding the context, and gives lower-quality responses. To overcome this, AI21 developed the Jamba model, which combines Mamba's computational efficiency with the transformer's attention mechanism to help with the output quality. In this course, you’ll learn about how state space models, and Jamba, work. You’ll also learn how to prompt Jamba, use it to process long documents, and build long-context RAG apps. - Learn how Jamba combines transformer and state space model architectures to achieve high performance and quality - Use the AI21 SDK, with an example of prompting over a large 200k-token annual financial report of Nvidia - Use Jamba for tool-calling, with hands-on examples from calling simple arithmetic calculations to a function that returns quarterly company financial reports. - Learn how training for long context is done, and the metrics used for its evaluation - Create a RAG app using the AI21 Conversational RAG tool and build your own RAG pipeline that uses Jamba and LangChain. By the end of this course, you'll learn how to build applications that can handle context as long as an entire book. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

77,792 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

Transformer Explainer Interactive Learning of Text-Generative Models discuss: Transformers have revolutionized machine learning, yet their inner workings remain opaque to many. We present Transformer Explainer, an interactive visualization tool designed for non-experts to learn about Transformers through the GPT-2 model. Our tool helps users understand complex Transformer concepts by integrating a model overview and enabling smooth transitions across abstraction levels of mathematical operations and model structures. It runs a live GPT-2 instance locally in the user's browser, empowering users to experiment with their own input and observe in real-time how the internal components and parameters of the Transformer work together to predict the next tokens. Our tool requires no installation or special hardware, broadening the public's education access to modern generative AI techniques.

Transformer Explainer Interactive Learning of Text-Generative Models discuss: Transformers have revolutionized machine learning, yet their inner workings remain opaque to many. We present Transformer Explainer, an interactive visualization tool designed for non-experts to learn about Transformers through the GPT-2 model. Our tool helps users understand complex Transformer concepts by integrating a model overview and enabling smooth transitions across abstraction levels of mathematical operations and model structures. It runs a live GPT-2 instance locally in the user's browser, empowering users to experiment with their own input and observe in real-time how the internal components and parameters of the Transformer work together to predict the next tokens. Our tool requires no installation or special hardware, broadening the public's education access to modern generative AI techniques.

AK

90,918 görüntüleme • 2 yıl önce

New course! Generative AI with Large Language Models, created with Amazon Web Services and hosted on Coursera. This course goes deep into the technical foundations of LLMs and how to use them. You can sign up here: You’ll work through the full life-cycle of a generative AI project, and learn specific techniques like RLHF; zero-shot, one-shot, and few-shot learning with LLMs; advanced prompting frameworks like ReAct; even fine-tuning LLMs, and gain hands-on practice with all of these techniques. Instructors Antje Barth Chris Fregly Shelbee Eigenbrode and Mike G Chambers all do incredible Generative AI work at AWS, and have supported many companies to build creative LLM applications. They bring tremendous practical LLM expertise to this course. I'm confident you’ll finish this course with a deeper understanding of how LLMs work, and how to use them. I hope you enjoy the course!

New course! Generative AI with Large Language Models, created with Amazon Web Services and hosted on Coursera. This course goes deep into the technical foundations of LLMs and how to use them. You can sign up here: You’ll work through the full life-cycle of a generative AI project, and learn specific techniques like RLHF; zero-shot, one-shot, and few-shot learning with LLMs; advanced prompting frameworks like ReAct; even fine-tuning LLMs, and gain hands-on practice with all of these techniques. Instructors Antje Barth Chris Fregly Shelbee Eigenbrode and Mike G Chambers all do incredible Generative AI work at AWS, and have supported many companies to build creative LLM applications. They bring tremendous practical LLM expertise to this course. I'm confident you’ll finish this course with a deeper understanding of how LLMs work, and how to use them. I hope you enjoy the course!

Andrew Ng

468,128 görüntüleme • 3 yıl önce

Tokenization -- turning text into a sequence of integers -- is a key part of generative AI, and most API providers charge per million tokens. How does tokenization work? Learn the details of tokenization and RAG optimization in Retrieval Optimization: From Tokenization to Vector Quantization, created in collaboration with Qdrant and taught by its Developer Relations Lead, Kacper Łukawski. This course focuses on Retrieval augmented generation (RAG), which has two steps: First, a retriever finds relevant information; then, the generator uses what’s retrieved as context to produce a response. You’ll learn to optimize the first step (the retriever) by understanding how tokenization works and how it impacts the relevance of your search. In addition, you will also learn to measure and improve retrieval quality, speed, and memory. In detail, you’ll: - Learn about the internal workings of the embedding models and how your text turns into vectors. - Understand how several tokenizers, such as Byte-Pair Encoding, WordPiece, Unigram, and SentencePiece work. - Explore common challenges with tokenizers, such as unknown tokens, domain-specific identifiers, and numerical values, that can negatively affect your vector search. - Understand how to measure the quality of your search across relevance, ranking, and score-related metrics. - Understand how the main parameters in "HNSW", a graph-based algorithm, affect the relevance and speed of vector search, and how to tune its parameters. - Experiment with the three major quantization methods – product, scalar, and binary – and learn how they impact memory requirements, search quality, and speed. By the end of this course, you’ll have a solid understanding of how tokenization functions and how to optimize vector search in your RAG systems. Please sign up here!

Tokenization -- turning text into a sequence of integers -- is a key part of generative AI, and most API providers charge per million tokens. How does tokenization work? Learn the details of tokenization and RAG optimization in Retrieval Optimization: From Tokenization to Vector Quantization, created in collaboration with Qdrant and taught by its Developer Relations Lead, Kacper Łukawski. This course focuses on Retrieval augmented generation (RAG), which has two steps: First, a retriever finds relevant information; then, the generator uses what’s retrieved as context to produce a response. You’ll learn to optimize the first step (the retriever) by understanding how tokenization works and how it impacts the relevance of your search. In addition, you will also learn to measure and improve retrieval quality, speed, and memory. In detail, you’ll: - Learn about the internal workings of the embedding models and how your text turns into vectors. - Understand how several tokenizers, such as Byte-Pair Encoding, WordPiece, Unigram, and SentencePiece work. - Explore common challenges with tokenizers, such as unknown tokens, domain-specific identifiers, and numerical values, that can negatively affect your vector search. - Understand how to measure the quality of your search across relevance, ranking, and score-related metrics. - Understand how the main parameters in "HNSW", a graph-based algorithm, affect the relevance and speed of vector search, and how to tune its parameters. - Experiment with the three major quantization methods – product, scalar, and binary – and learn how they impact memory requirements, search quality, and speed. By the end of this course, you’ll have a solid understanding of how tokenization functions and how to optimize vector search in your RAG systems. Please sign up here!

Andrew Ng

146,313 görüntüleme • 2 yıl önce

Transformer Explainer Really cool interactive tool to learn about the inner workings of a Transformer model. Apparently, it runs a GPT-2 instance locally in the user's browser and allows you to experiment with your own inputs. This is a nice tool to learn more about the different components inside the Transformer and the transformations that occur. Tool:

Transformer Explainer Really cool interactive tool to learn about the inner workings of a Transformer model. Apparently, it runs a GPT-2 instance locally in the user's browser and allows you to experiment with your own inputs. This is a nice tool to learn more about the different components inside the Transformer and the transformations that occur. Tool:

elvis

122,032 görüntüleme • 2 yıl önce

New course: Transformers in Practice. You'll get a practical view of how transformer-based LLMs work, so you can reason about their behavior, diagnose problems like slow inference, and make smarter decisions about deployment. This course is built in partnership with AMD and taught by Sharon Zhou. You'll see how transformers generate text one token at a time, how the model decides which earlier words matter most when predicting the next one, and how techniques like quantization speed up inference on GPUs. This is not a video-only course; interactive visualizations throughout let you play with these concepts and build intuition that sticks. Skills you'll gain: - Understand why LLMs hallucinate, and RAG and chain-of-thought shape what they generate - Look inside the model to see how attention and layers combine to predict the next token - Diagnose inference bottlenecks and learn the techniques that speed up transformers on GPUs Join and understand what's really happening inside your LLMs:

New course: Transformers in Practice. You'll get a practical view of how transformer-based LLMs work, so you can reason about their behavior, diagnose problems like slow inference, and make smarter decisions about deployment. This course is built in partnership with AMD and taught by Sharon Zhou. You'll see how transformers generate text one token at a time, how the model decides which earlier words matter most when predicting the next one, and how techniques like quantization speed up inference on GPUs. This is not a video-only course; interactive visualizations throughout let you play with these concepts and build intuition that sticks. Skills you'll gain: - Understand why LLMs hallucinate, and RAG and chain-of-thought shape what they generate - Look inside the model to see how attention and layers combine to predict the next token - Diagnose inference bottlenecks and learn the techniques that speed up transformers on GPUs Join and understand what's really happening inside your LLMs:

Andrew Ng

127,199 görüntüleme • 6 ay önce

Google presents AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listen paper page: introduce AudioPaLM, a large language model for speech understanding and generation. AudioPaLM fuses text-based and speech-based language models, PaLM-2 [Anil et al., 2023] and AudioLM [Borsos et al., 2022], into a unified multimodal architecture that can process and generate text and speech with applications including speech recognition and speech-to-speech translation. AudioPaLM inherits the capability to preserve paralinguistic information such as speaker identity and intonation from AudioLM and the linguistic knowledge present only in text large language models such as PaLM-2. We demonstrate that initializing AudioPaLM with the weights of a text-only large language model improves speech processing, successfully leveraging the larger quantity of text training data used in pretraining to assist with the speech tasks. The resulting model significantly outperforms existing systems for speech translation tasks and has the ability to perform zero-shot speech-to-text translation for many languages for which input/target language combinations were not seen in training. AudioPaLM also demonstrates features of audio language models, such as transferring a voice across languages based on a short spoken prompt.

Google presents AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listen paper page: introduce AudioPaLM, a large language model for speech understanding and generation. AudioPaLM fuses text-based and speech-based language models, PaLM-2 [Anil et al., 2023] and AudioLM [Borsos et al., 2022], into a unified multimodal architecture that can process and generate text and speech with applications including speech recognition and speech-to-speech translation. AudioPaLM inherits the capability to preserve paralinguistic information such as speaker identity and intonation from AudioLM and the linguistic knowledge present only in text large language models such as PaLM-2. We demonstrate that initializing AudioPaLM with the weights of a text-only large language model improves speech processing, successfully leveraging the larger quantity of text training data used in pretraining to assist with the speech tasks. The resulting model significantly outperforms existing systems for speech translation tasks and has the ability to perform zero-shot speech-to-text translation for many languages for which input/target language combinations were not seen in training. AudioPaLM also demonstrates features of audio language models, such as transferring a voice across languages based on a short spoken prompt.

AK

290,729 görüntüleme • 3 yıl önce

Andrej Karpathy's explaination of Bigram Language Model explained Bigram LMs, though simple, it provides powerful insight into the inner mechanics of how tokens are processed in language models. This is a pre-amble for what's next: GPT, which is the 2nd part of the series The Bigram model here incorporates: Tokenization, Vocabulary, Negative Loss Function, Cross Entropy, Logits, SoftMax, Optimizer, and AdamW These are essential ingredients to understand in order to build our knowledge on how LLMs really work as we build our case towards attention and GPT #karpathy #deeplearning #bigram #bigramlm #languagemodel #llm #machinelearning #research #agi #largelanguagemodels #compute #explained #hardware

Andrej Karpathy's explaination of Bigram Language Model explained Bigram LMs, though simple, it provides powerful insight into the inner mechanics of how tokens are processed in language models. This is a pre-amble for what's next: GPT, which is the 2nd part of the series The Bigram model here incorporates: Tokenization, Vocabulary, Negative Loss Function, Cross Entropy, Logits, SoftMax, Optimizer, and AdamW These are essential ingredients to understand in order to build our knowledge on how LLMs really work as we build our case towards attention and GPT #karpathy #deeplearning #bigram #bigramlm #languagemodel #llm #machinelearning #research #agi #largelanguagemodels #compute #explained #hardware

Caleb Writes Code

204,000 görüntüleme • 4 ay önce

All of this is powered by one unified architecture: a multimodal autoregressive diffusion transformer, pretrained from scratch. This foundation blends the best of modern LLMs and video models, benefiting from the architectural, algorithmic, and systems advances from both areas.

All of this is powered by one unified architecture: a multimodal autoregressive diffusion transformer, pretrained from scratch. This foundation blends the best of modern LLMs and video models, benefiting from the architectural, algorithmic, and systems advances from both areas.

World Labs

105,346 görüntüleme • 2 ay önce

3D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models paper page: Large language models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been proven to excel at multiple tasks, such as commonsense reasoning. Powerful as these models can be, they are not grounded in the 3D physical world, which involves richer concepts such as spatial relationships, affordances, physics, layout, and so on. In this work, we propose to inject the 3D world into large language models and introduce a whole new family of 3D-LLMs. Specifically, 3D-LLMs can take 3D point clouds and their features as input and perform a diverse set of 3D-related tasks, including captioning, dense captioning, 3D question answering, task decomposition, 3D grounding, 3D-assisted dialog, navigation, and so on. Using three types of prompting mechanisms that we design, we are able to collect over 300k 3D-language data covering these tasks. To efficiently train 3D-LLMs, we first utilize a 3D feature extractor that obtains 3D features from rendered multi- view images. Then, we use 2D VLMs as our backbones to train our 3D-LLMs. By introducing a 3D localization mechanism, 3D-LLMs can better capture 3D spatial information. Experiments on ScanQA show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by a large margin (e.g., the BLEU-1 score surpasses state-of-the-art score by 9%). Furthermore, experiments on our held-in datasets for 3D captioning, task composition, and 3D-assisted dialogue show that our model outperforms 2D VLMs. Qualitative examples also show that our model could perform more tasks beyond the scope of existing LLMs and VLMs.

3D-LLM: Injecting the 3D World into Large Language Models paper page: Large language models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been proven to excel at multiple tasks, such as commonsense reasoning. Powerful as these models can be, they are not grounded in the 3D physical world, which involves richer concepts such as spatial relationships, affordances, physics, layout, and so on. In this work, we propose to inject the 3D world into large language models and introduce a whole new family of 3D-LLMs. Specifically, 3D-LLMs can take 3D point clouds and their features as input and perform a diverse set of 3D-related tasks, including captioning, dense captioning, 3D question answering, task decomposition, 3D grounding, 3D-assisted dialog, navigation, and so on. Using three types of prompting mechanisms that we design, we are able to collect over 300k 3D-language data covering these tasks. To efficiently train 3D-LLMs, we first utilize a 3D feature extractor that obtains 3D features from rendered multi- view images. Then, we use 2D VLMs as our backbones to train our 3D-LLMs. By introducing a 3D localization mechanism, 3D-LLMs can better capture 3D spatial information. Experiments on ScanQA show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by a large margin (e.g., the BLEU-1 score surpasses state-of-the-art score by 9%). Furthermore, experiments on our held-in datasets for 3D captioning, task composition, and 3D-assisted dialogue show that our model outperforms 2D VLMs. Qualitative examples also show that our model could perform more tasks beyond the scope of existing LLMs and VLMs.

AK

250,159 görüntüleme • 3 yıl önce

$Introducing SubQ - a major breakthrough in LLM intelligence. It is the first model built on a fully sub-quadratic sparse-attention architecture (SSA), And the first frontier model with a 12 million token context window which is: - 52x faster than FlashAttention at 1MM tokens - Less than 5% the cost of Opus Transformer-based LLMs waste compute by processing every possible relationship between words (standard attention). Only a small fraction actually matter. Subquadratic finds and focuses only on the ones that do. That's nearly 1,000x less compute and a new way for LLMs to scale.$

Introducing SubQ - a major breakthrough in LLM intelligence. It is the first model built on a fully sub-quadratic sparse-attention architecture (SSA), And the first frontier model with a 12 million token context window which is: - 52x faster than FlashAttention at 1MM tokens - Less than 5% the cost of Opus Transformer-based LLMs waste compute by processing every possible relationship between words (standard attention). Only a small fraction actually matter. Subquadratic finds and focuses only on the ones that do. That's nearly 1,000x less compute and a new way for LLMs to scale.

Alexander Whedon

13,498,858 görüntüleme • 6 ay önce

LP-MusicCaps: LLM-Based Pseudo Music Captioning paper page: Automatic music captioning, which generates natural language descriptions for given music tracks, holds significant potential for enhancing the understanding and organization of large volumes of musical data. Despite its importance, researchers face challenges due to the costly and time-consuming collection process of existing music-language datasets, which are limited in size. To address this data scarcity issue, we propose the use of large language models (LLMs) to artificially generate the description sentences from large-scale tag datasets. This results in approximately 2.2M captions paired with 0.5M audio clips. We term it Large Language Model based Pseudo music caption dataset, shortly, LP-MusicCaps. We conduct a systemic evaluation of the large-scale music captioning dataset with various quantitative evaluation metrics used in the field of natural language processing as well as human evaluation. In addition, we trained a transformer-based music captioning model with the dataset and evaluated it under zero-shot and transfer-learning settings. The results demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms the supervised baseline model.

LP-MusicCaps: LLM-Based Pseudo Music Captioning paper page: Automatic music captioning, which generates natural language descriptions for given music tracks, holds significant potential for enhancing the understanding and organization of large volumes of musical data. Despite its importance, researchers face challenges due to the costly and time-consuming collection process of existing music-language datasets, which are limited in size. To address this data scarcity issue, we propose the use of large language models (LLMs) to artificially generate the description sentences from large-scale tag datasets. This results in approximately 2.2M captions paired with 0.5M audio clips. We term it Large Language Model based Pseudo music caption dataset, shortly, LP-MusicCaps. We conduct a systemic evaluation of the large-scale music captioning dataset with various quantitative evaluation metrics used in the field of natural language processing as well as human evaluation. In addition, we trained a transformer-based music captioning model with the dataset and evaluated it under zero-shot and transfer-learning settings. The results demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms the supervised baseline model.

AK

78,794 görüntüleme • 3 yıl önce

Met a guy making $1.6 million/year as an LLM engineer. I asked him how he learned LLMs from scratch. He sent me the exact video that got him in. A 1 hour course on how LLMs actually work. He shows how transformers inside LLMs like ChatGPT & Claude are actually built. I watched it last night. Halfway through, I realized LLM architecture is way simpler than they make it look. Bookmark this and read the article below. • 00:00 - LLM foundations • 04:21 - LLM tokenization • 05:43 - LLMs vector embeddings • 22:16 - attention mechanism of LLM • 43:42 - LLM multi head attention

Met a guy making $1.6 million/year as an LLM engineer. I asked him how he learned LLMs from scratch. He sent me the exact video that got him in. A 1 hour course on how LLMs actually work. He shows how transformers inside LLMs like ChatGPT & Claude are actually built. I watched it last night. Halfway through, I realized LLM architecture is way simpler than they make it look. Bookmark this and read the article below. • 00:00 - LLM foundations • 04:21 - LLM tokenization • 05:43 - LLMs vector embeddings • 22:16 - attention mechanism of LLM • 43:42 - LLM multi head attention

Roan

81,846 görüntüleme • 3 ay önce

In this week's video, I sat down with the co-founders of our latest investment, Starseer, a groundbreaking platform for inspecting and securing large language models (LLMs). Tim Schulz, Carl Hurd and I discuss the risks of backdoored LLMs, how to audit them and even remove them. They demo the product as well. The video also includes the animated short "John Henry.exe" which is an updated American parable of John Henry, but instead of struggling against a steam drill during the age of industrialization, he's the head coder and has to face off against an AI designed for programming. Enjoy!

In this week's video, I sat down with the co-founders of our latest investment, Starseer, a groundbreaking platform for inspecting and securing large language models (LLMs). Tim Schulz, Carl Hurd and I discuss the risks of backdoored LLMs, how to audit them and even remove them. They demo the product as well. The video also includes the animated short "John Henry.exe" which is an updated American parable of John Henry, but instead of struggling against a steam drill during the age of industrialization, he's the head coder and has to face off against an AI designed for programming. Enjoy!

Ron Gula

302,495 görüntüleme • 1 yıl önce

Our first Generative AI short course in JavaScript! GitHub recently reported that JavaScript is again the world’s most popular programming language. To support web developers exploring and developing with generative AI, we just launched a new short course in JavaScript taught by Jacob Lee, founding engineer at . In Build LLM Apps with LangChain.js you’ll learn elements common in AI development, including: (i) Using data loaders to pull data from common sources such as PDFs, websites, and databases (ii) Prompts, which are used to provide the LLM context (iii) Modules to support RAG such as text splitters and integrations with vector stores (iv) Working with different models to write applications that are not vendor-specific (v) Parsers, which extract and format the output for your downstream code to process You’ll also build with the LangChain Expression Language, which lets you easily compose sequences (also called chains) of modules to perform complex tasks using LLMs. Putting all this together, you’ll also work on a conversational question-answering LLM application capable of using external data as context. Please sign up here:

Our first Generative AI short course in JavaScript! GitHub recently reported that JavaScript is again the world’s most popular programming language. To support web developers exploring and developing with generative AI, we just launched a new short course in JavaScript taught by Jacob Lee, founding engineer at . In Build LLM Apps with LangChain.js you’ll learn elements common in AI development, including: (i) Using data loaders to pull data from common sources such as PDFs, websites, and databases (ii) Prompts, which are used to provide the LLM context (iii) Modules to support RAG such as text splitters and integrations with vector stores (iv) Working with different models to write applications that are not vendor-specific (v) Parsers, which extract and format the output for your downstream code to process You’ll also build with the LangChain Expression Language, which lets you easily compose sequences (also called chains) of modules to perform complex tasks using LLMs. Putting all this together, you’ll also work on a conversational question-answering LLM application capable of using external data as context. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

284,573 görüntüleme • 2 yıl önce