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Dial-up modems, which allowed computers to connect to servers and other machines via public telephone networks, played a significant role in the history of early internet connectivity. These devices, widely used from the late 1970s to the early 2000s, bracketed the otherwise silent browsing experience with their inimitable "handshake"...

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Facial reconstruction of a 2,900-year-old elite from Hasanlu, Iran The people of Iron Age Hasanlu were genetically a mixture of Zagrosians, Upper Mesopotamians, and Proto-Armenics. Hasanlu is an archaeological site of an ancient city located in northwest Iran, in the province of West Azerbaijan, just south of Lake Urmia. The settlement was likely associated with the Mannaeans, a Hurro-Urartian people with a possible Indo-European substrate related to the Armenic branch. The site is most famous for its catastrophic destruction. At the end of the 9th century BC, Hasanlu was violently sacked and burned, preserving a single moment in time, much like Pompeii. Buildings, artifacts, and even human remains were sealed beneath layers of ash and collapsed debris. The attackers were most likely the Urartians. Excavations uncovered the remains of more than 285 people, many of them slain in battle or executed afterward. Several bodies showed signs of mutilation, while the positioning of others revealed desperate attempts to escape. Among the thousands of objects discovered in situ were weapons, ornaments, and household items, all abandoned in the chaos. This destruction layer, known as Hasanlu IVb, stands as one of the most important archaeological contexts of the early Iron Age Near East. Following the devastation, the city’s High Mound was repurposed as the site of a Urartian fortress. The man was laid on his back beneath a hypogeum wall, head west, facing south with flexed legs. He had Rich grave goods - bronze and iron weapons, an iron armlet, jewelry, a decorated bronze belt, and ceramic vessels, indicating a high-status individual. The style of his belt and ornaments links his material culture to the South Caucasus and early Urartian cultural sphere, showing close artistic and technological connections between these regions around 900–850 BCE. Reconstruction commissioned by 𒁍𒊑 𒋗𒊑𒌍 Buri Šoreš 𓄂❤️☀️💚

Ancestral Whispers

24,939 просмотров • 9 месяцев назад

Madain Saleh, also known as Al-Hijr, is a pre-Islamic archaeological site located in the northwest of Saudi Arabia. It is one of the most important archaeological sites in the Middle East and was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2008. Madain Saleh is a place of great historical and cultural significance, and it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the history and culture of the Arabian Peninsula. Madain Saleh was the second city of the Nabataean kingdom, which was established in 2nd Century BC. The Nabataeans were an Arab tribe who were known for their expertise in carving tombs and buildings out of rock. They were also skilled in agriculture, trade, and commerce. The Nabataean kingdom was centered in Petra, which is located in modern-day Jordan. Madain Saleh served as a strategic outpost for Nabataeans, and it was an important stop on the trade routes that connected the Arabian Peninsula with the Mediterranean world. Archaeological site of Madain Saleh covers an area of 13 square kilometers. It is located in a remote desert region, and it is surrounded by rocky mountains and valleys. The site contains around 130 tombs, which were carved out of the sandstone cliffs. The tombs are adorned with intricate carvings and inscriptions, which provide insights into the culture and religion of the Nabataeans. The most famous tomb at Madain Saleh is the Qasr Al-Farid, which means "the lonely castle." This tomb is located on a hilltop and is surrounded by a large courtyard. It is the largest tomb at the site, and it is considered to be one of the finest examples of Nabataean architecture. The tomb was never completed, and it is believed that it was abandoned after the death of the Nabataean king who commissioned it. Another important tomb at Madain Saleh is the Tomb of Lihyan son of Kuza. This tomb is located in the southern part of the site and is carved into a rock cliff. It features a large entrance hall, a central chamber, and a series of smaller rooms. The tomb is decorated with intricate carvings and inscriptions, which provide insights into the religious beliefs of Nabataeans. Madain Saleh is not just a site of tombs; it also contains a number of other important structures. These include the Al-Khuraymat and Al-Sabika temples, which were used for religious ceremonies and rituals. The site also contains a number of houses, wells, and cisterns, which provide insights into the daily lives of the Nabataeans. Madain Saleh was abandoned in the 3rd Century AD, after decline of the Nabataean kingdom. The site was rediscovered in the 19th Century by the Swiss traveler Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Since then, it has been studied by archaeologists from all over the world. The site is now managed by the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, which has carried out extensive restoration and preservation work. Madain Saleh is not just a site of historical and cultural significance; it is also a place of great natural beauty. The site is surrounded by rugged mountains and valleys, and it is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. Visitors to the site can enjoy hiking and camping, as well as exploring the ancient ruins. Madain Saleh is a site of great historical and cultural significance, and it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the history and culture of the Arabian Peninsula. Ancient ruins at Madain Saleh provide a glimpse into the engineering and architectural skills of the Nabataeans, as well as their religious beliefs and cultural practices. However, as the site becomes an increasingly popular tourist destination, there are concerns about its preservation and the impact of tourism on the local environment. It is important that the Saudi government and local communities work together to ensure that the site is protected and that tourism is managed in a sustainable way. 🎥© Paris Verra #archaeohistories

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196,549 просмотров • 2 лет назад

Facial reconstruction of a 9,500-year-old man from Gobero, Ténéré Desert, Niger The Kiffian culture was an Early Holocene culture that existed in the Sahara during the African Humid Period, also referred to as the Neolithic Subpluvial. The site of Gobero is known as one of the largest and earliest burial sites of Stone Age people in the Sahara. The Kiffians were skilled hunters. The remains of numerous large savannah animals found in the same area suggest that they inhabited the shores of a lake that existed during the Holocene Wet Phase, when the Sahara was a lush and humid environment. Kiffian remains are notable for their height; the reconstructed individual (G3B8) was approximately 188 cm tall. The Early Holocene skulls from Gobero share a number of traits with populations of the Sahara and Maghreb from the Late Upper Paleolithic and Early Holocene and were therefore described as “Mechtoid” (Sereno et al., 2008). However, the published study does not distinguish anthropologically between “Mechtoids” from the northern and southern parts of the Sahara, although this distinction is clearly evident in other studies. It therefore remains unclear whether the features of the Early Holocene inhabitants of Gobero were predominantly Sub-Saharan or genuinely “Mechtoid.” Moreover, it is possible that the Middle Holocene group had an origin independent of that of the Early Holocene population (S. V. Drobyshevsky, Antropogenez). A more recent study by Christopher M. Stojanowski, Joel D. Irish, and Paul C. Sereno (2026) found that the inter-sample affinities suggest that the successive Gobero populations are dentally indistinguishable, indicating population continuity at the site despite significant climatic deterioration. Both the Early and Middle Holocene samples from Gobero share dental affinities with Nile Valley populations, particularly those from the multicomponent Sudanese site of al-Khiday. However, both samples also display intermediate affinities with northern and Sub-Saharan African populations. These results suggest that, for much of the Holocene, an admixed population inhabited the central Sahara, with a primarily East African/Nile Valley origin. Nevertheless, as the climate deteriorated, interactions with northern and Sub-Saharan African populations cannot be ruled out.

Ancestral Whispers

34,760 просмотров • 1 день назад

Facial reconstructions of the Hasanlu Lovers The people of Iron Age Hasanlu were genetically a mixture of Zagrosians, Upper Mesopotamians, and Proto-Armenics. Hasanlu is an archaeological site of an ancient city located in northwest Iran, in the province of West Azerbaijan, just south of Lake Urmia. The settlement was likely associated with the Mannaeans, a Hurro-Urartian people with a possible Indo-European substrate related to the Armenic branch. The site is most famous for its catastrophic destruction. At the end of the 9th century BC, Hasanlu was violently sacked and burned, preserving a single moment in time, much like Pompeii. Buildings, artifacts, and even human remains were sealed beneath layers of ash and collapsed debris. The attackers were most likely the Urartians. Excavations uncovered the remains of more than 285 people, many of them slain in battle or executed afterward. Several bodies showed signs of mutilation, while the positioning of others revealed desperate attempts to escape. Among the thousands of objects discovered in situ were weapons, ornaments, and household items, all abandoned in the chaos. This destruction layer, known as Hasanlu IVb, stands as one of the most important archaeological contexts of the early Iron Age Near East. Following the devastation, the city’s High Mound was repurposed as the site of a Urartian fortress. One of the most poignant discoveries is the burial of two individuals known as the “Hasanlu Lovers.” The two men - one around 20 years old, the other about 32 - died side by side in a collapsed structure. Both perished of asphyxiation as the building filled with smoke and ash during the conflagration. They were found lying close together, their arms entwined and their faces turned toward one another in their final moments.

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🇨🇳 XI JINPING (2021): "Back then, in the face of the armed threats and provocations of United States imperialism, which had the greatest economic strength and military power in the world, Comrade Mao Zedong said that it was one of the most difficult decisions he had to make in his life to decide whether or not to send his troops to fight in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. With the strategic foresight of “one punch is enough to prevent a hundred punches from being thrown”, and with the determination and courage of “rebuilding the country at all costs”, the Central Committee of the CPC and Comrade Mao Zedong made the historic decision to fight against the United States and help the DPRK to defend its country, thus averting the dangerous situation in which the aggressors had set up their troops at the country's gates and safeguarding the security of the new China. The new China's security was defended. At the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, with the dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, the collapse of the Soviet Communist Party and the disintegration of the USSR, world socialism suffered serious twists and turns, and the serious political turmoil of the spring and summer of 1989 occurred in our country as well. Relying closely on the people, the Party took decisive measures to win this struggle for the survival of the Party and the country, and withstood the pressure of the so-called “sanctions” imposed by the West, thus ensuring that socialism with Chinese characteristics was on the right course and that reform and development were heading in the right direction. Comrade Deng Xiaoping said, “As long as Chinese socialism does not fall, socialism will always stand in the world.” I have also said that if the leadership of the CPC and our socialist system also collapsed in that domino change, or failed for other reasons, then the practice of socialism might have to languish in darkness for a long time, and the process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation would inevitably be interrupted."

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