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New short course: LLMs as Operating Systems: Agent Memory, created with Letta, and taught by its founders Charles Packer and Sarah Wooders. An LLM's input context window has limited space. Using a longer input context also costs more and results in slower processing. So, managing what's stored in this... context window is important. In the innovative paper MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systems, its authors (which include the instructors) proposed using an LLM agent to manage this context window. Their system uses a large persistent memory that stores everything that could be included in the input context, and an agent decides what is actually included. Take the example of building a chatbot that needs to remember what's been said earlier in a conversation (perhaps over many days of interaction with a user). As the conversation's length grows, the memory management agent will move information from the input context to a persistent searchable database; summarize information to keep relevant facts in the input context; and restore relevant conversation elements from further back in time. This allows a chatbot to keep what's currently most relevant in its input context memory to generate the next response. When I read the original MemGPT paper, I thought it was an innovative technique for handling memory for LLMs. The open-source Letta framework, which we'll use in this course, makes MemGPT easy to implement. It adds memory to your LLM agents and gives them transparent long-term memory. In detail, you’ll learn: - How to build an agent that can edit its own limited input context memory, using tools and multi-step reasoning - What is a memory hierarchy (an idea from computer operating systems, which use a cache to speed up memory access), and how these ideas apply to managing the LLM input context (where the input context window is a "cache" storing the most relevant information; and an agent decides what to move in and out of this to/from a larger persistent storage system) - How to implement multi-agent collaboration by letting different agents share blocks of memory This course will give you a sophisticated understanding of memory management for LLMs, which is important for chatbots having long conversations, and for complex agentic workflows. Please sign up here!show more

Andrew Ng

1,604,313 subscribers

200,729 次观看 • 1 年前 •via X (Twitter)

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Rémi 📎 的头像

Rémi 📎1 年前

@Letta_AI @charlespacker @sarahwooders Would be very happy to give a course on structured output for LLMs @AndrewYNg @dottxtai

Charles Packer 的头像

Charles Packer1 年前

@Letta_AI @sarahwooders @Letta_AI is open source and free to use at our github 👉

Sarah Wooders 👾 的头像

Sarah Wooders 👾1 年前

@Letta_AI @charlespacker Was great working together and fantastic summary on the importance of memory for agents :) Really excited for this course to finally be released!

Tim Urista 的头像

Tim Urista1 年前

@Letta_AI @charlespacker @sarahwooders Multi-agent collaboration unlocks new potential for shared learning and efficiency.

Franck SN 的头像

Franck SN1 年前

@Letta_AI @charlespacker @sarahwooders That's why we need to build large reasoning models and drop o1

Vasek Mlejnsky 的头像

Vasek Mlejnsky1 年前

@Letta_AI @charlespacker @sarahwooders Whoa, nicely done @charlespacker @sarahwooders !

Omariba Collins 的头像

Omariba Collins1 年前

@Letta_AI @charlespacker @sarahwooders Did you by any chance get this idea from @karpathy ?

Sir Mr Meow Meow 的头像

Sir Mr Meow Meow1 年前

@Letta_AI @charlespacker @sarahwooders ooh so it's like a summary type memory where the key-values are stored and attention is applied to compress it. :3 interesting.

Ali Sheheryar 的头像

Ali Sheheryar1 年前

@Letta_AI @charlespacker @sarahwooders From LSTMs to Transformers. We have indeed come a long way!

Tim Urista 的头像

Tim Urista1 年前

@Letta_AI @charlespacker @sarahwooders An LLM agent deciding what enters the input context is reminiscent of MemGPT's strategic context window use.

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Andrew Ng

340,724 次观看 • 1 年前

New short course: Building Code Agents with Hugging Face smolagents! Learn how to build code agents in this course, created in collaboration with Hugging Face, and taught by Thomas Wolf, its co-founder and CSO, and m_ric, Hugging Face’s Project Lead on Agents. Tool-calling agents use LLMs to generate multiple function calls sequentially to complete a complex sequence of tasks. They generate one function call, execute it, observe, reason, and decide what to do next. Code agents take a different approach. They consolidate all these calls into a single block of code, letting the LLM lay out an entire action plan at once, which can be executed efficiently to provide more reliable results. You’ll learn how to code agents using smolagents, a lightweight agentic framework from Hugging Face. Along the way, you’ll learn how to run LLM-generated code safely and develop an evaluation system to optimize your code agent for production. In detail, you’ll learn: - How agentic systems have evolved, gaining greater levels of agency over time—and why code agents are a next step. - How code agents write their actions in code. - When code agents outperform function-calling agents. - How to run code agents safely in your system using a constrained Python interpreter and sandboxing using E2B. - To trace, debug, and assess the code agent to optimize its behaviours for complex requests. - How to build a research multi-agent system that can find information online and organize it into an interactive report. By the end of this course, you’ll know how to build and run code agents using smolagents, and deploy them safely with a structured evaluation system in your projects. Please sign up here!

New short course: Building Code Agents with Hugging Face smolagents! Learn how to build code agents in this course, created in collaboration with Hugging Face, and taught by Thomas Wolf, its co-founder and CSO, and m_ric, Hugging Face’s Project Lead on Agents. Tool-calling agents use LLMs to generate multiple function calls sequentially to complete a complex sequence of tasks. They generate one function call, execute it, observe, reason, and decide what to do next. Code agents take a different approach. They consolidate all these calls into a single block of code, letting the LLM lay out an entire action plan at once, which can be executed efficiently to provide more reliable results. You’ll learn how to code agents using smolagents, a lightweight agentic framework from Hugging Face. Along the way, you’ll learn how to run LLM-generated code safely and develop an evaluation system to optimize your code agent for production. In detail, you’ll learn: - How agentic systems have evolved, gaining greater levels of agency over time—and why code agents are a next step. - How code agents write their actions in code. - When code agents outperform function-calling agents. - How to run code agents safely in your system using a constrained Python interpreter and sandboxing using E2B. - To trace, debug, and assess the code agent to optimize its behaviours for complex requests. - How to build a research multi-agent system that can find information online and organize it into an interactive report. By the end of this course, you’ll know how to build and run code agents using smolagents, and deploy them safely with a structured evaluation system in your projects. Please sign up here!

Andrew Ng

124,382 次观看 • 1 年前

Announcing a new Coursera course: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) You'll learn to build high performance, production-ready RAG systems in this hands-on, in-depth course created by and taught by Zain, experienced AI and ML engineer, researcher, and educator. RAG is a critical component today of many LLM-based applications in customer support, internal company Q&A systems, even many of the leading chatbots that use web search to answer your questions. This course teaches you in-depth how to make RAG work well. LLMs can produce generic or outdated responses, especially when asked specialized questions not covered in its training data. RAG is the most widely used technique for addressing this. It brings in data from new data sources, such as internal documents or recent news, to give the LLM the relevant context to private, recent, or specialized information. This lets it generate more grounded and accurate responses. In this course, you’ll learn to design and implement every part of a RAG system, from retrievers to vector databases to generation to evals. You’ll learn about the fundamental principles behind RAG and how to optimize it at both the component and whole-system levels. As AI evolves, RAG is evolving too. New models can handle longer context windows, reason more effectively, and can be parts of complex agentic workflows. One exciting growth area is Agentic RAG, in which an AI agent at runtime (rather than it being hardcoded at development time) autonomously decides what data to retrieve, and when/how to go deeper. Even with this evolution, access to high-quality data at runtime is essential, which is why RAG is a key part of so many applications. You'll learn via hands-on experiences to: - Build a RAG system with retrieval and prompt augmentation - Compare retrieval methods like BM25, semantic search, and Reciprocal Rank Fusion - Chunk, index, and retrieve documents using a Weaviate vector database and a news dataset - Develop a chatbot, using open-source LLMs hosted by Together AI, for a fictional store that answers product and FAQ questions - Use evals to drive improving reliability, and incorporate multi-modal data RAG is an important foundational technique. Become good at it through this course! Please sign up here:

Announcing a new Coursera course: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) You'll learn to build high performance, production-ready RAG systems in this hands-on, in-depth course created by and taught by Zain, experienced AI and ML engineer, researcher, and educator. RAG is a critical component today of many LLM-based applications in customer support, internal company Q&A systems, even many of the leading chatbots that use web search to answer your questions. This course teaches you in-depth how to make RAG work well. LLMs can produce generic or outdated responses, especially when asked specialized questions not covered in its training data. RAG is the most widely used technique for addressing this. It brings in data from new data sources, such as internal documents or recent news, to give the LLM the relevant context to private, recent, or specialized information. This lets it generate more grounded and accurate responses. In this course, you’ll learn to design and implement every part of a RAG system, from retrievers to vector databases to generation to evals. You’ll learn about the fundamental principles behind RAG and how to optimize it at both the component and whole-system levels. As AI evolves, RAG is evolving too. New models can handle longer context windows, reason more effectively, and can be parts of complex agentic workflows. One exciting growth area is Agentic RAG, in which an AI agent at runtime (rather than it being hardcoded at development time) autonomously decides what data to retrieve, and when/how to go deeper. Even with this evolution, access to high-quality data at runtime is essential, which is why RAG is a key part of so many applications. You'll learn via hands-on experiences to: - Build a RAG system with retrieval and prompt augmentation - Compare retrieval methods like BM25, semantic search, and Reciprocal Rank Fusion - Chunk, index, and retrieve documents using a Weaviate vector database and a news dataset - Develop a chatbot, using open-source LLMs hosted by Together AI, for a fictional store that answers product and FAQ questions - Use evals to drive improving reliability, and incorporate multi-modal data RAG is an important foundational technique. Become good at it through this course! Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

124,314 次观看 • 11 个月前

most agent memory is one file that grows forever and gets re-read every single turn. it overflows the context, overwrites old facts, loses the thread. that's why your agent feels sharp on day one and lost by week three. Sibyl Memory replaces the pile with a structure: → leaner context, lower token cost. a bloated agent file and flat memory get re-read in full every message. Sibyl Memory keeps a light hot layer and retrieves the rest on demand, so each turn carries only the tokens that matter. → relations are first-class. people link to projects, projects to deals, deals to the decisions behind them. ask about one partner and the agent surfaces the whole connected web around them. that relational context is what lets it help run a company. → one source of truth per fact, person, and project. no duplicates, no silent overwrites. works with hermes, claude code, and codex. beta open.

most agent memory is one file that grows forever and gets re-read every single turn. it overflows the context, overwrites old facts, loses the thread. that's why your agent feels sharp on day one and lost by week three. Sibyl Memory replaces the pile with a structure: → leaner context, lower token cost. a bloated agent file and flat memory get re-read in full every message. Sibyl Memory keeps a light hot layer and retrieves the rest on demand, so each turn carries only the tokens that matter. → relations are first-class. people link to projects, projects to deals, deals to the decisions behind them. ask about one partner and the agent surfaces the whole connected web around them. that relational context is what lets it help run a company. → one source of truth per fact, person, and project. no duplicates, no silent overwrites. works with hermes, claude code, and codex. beta open.

SIBYL

78,219 次观看 • 17 天前

New short course: Build Long-Context AI Apps with Jamba. Learn about state space models (SSMs), which have emerged as an alternative to transformers! Specifically, Jamba is a hybrid transformer-Mamba architecture that combines strengths of the transformer with ideas from SSMs. This course is built with AI21 Labs and taught by Chen Wang and Chen Almagor. The transformer architecture is computationally expensive when handling very long input contexts. But there's an alternative called Mamba, a selective state space model that can process very long contexts with a much lower computational cost. However, researchers found that the pure Mamba architecture underperforms in understanding the context, and gives lower-quality responses. To overcome this, AI21 developed the Jamba model, which combines Mamba's computational efficiency with the transformer's attention mechanism to help with the output quality. In this course, you’ll learn about how state space models, and Jamba, work. You’ll also learn how to prompt Jamba, use it to process long documents, and build long-context RAG apps. - Learn how Jamba combines transformer and state space model architectures to achieve high performance and quality - Use the AI21 SDK, with an example of prompting over a large 200k-token annual financial report of Nvidia - Use Jamba for tool-calling, with hands-on examples from calling simple arithmetic calculations to a function that returns quarterly company financial reports. - Learn how training for long context is done, and the metrics used for its evaluation - Create a RAG app using the AI21 Conversational RAG tool and build your own RAG pipeline that uses Jamba and LangChain. By the end of this course, you'll learn how to build applications that can handle context as long as an entire book. Please sign up here:

New short course: Build Long-Context AI Apps with Jamba. Learn about state space models (SSMs), which have emerged as an alternative to transformers! Specifically, Jamba is a hybrid transformer-Mamba architecture that combines strengths of the transformer with ideas from SSMs. This course is built with AI21 Labs and taught by Chen Wang and Chen Almagor. The transformer architecture is computationally expensive when handling very long input contexts. But there's an alternative called Mamba, a selective state space model that can process very long contexts with a much lower computational cost. However, researchers found that the pure Mamba architecture underperforms in understanding the context, and gives lower-quality responses. To overcome this, AI21 developed the Jamba model, which combines Mamba's computational efficiency with the transformer's attention mechanism to help with the output quality. In this course, you’ll learn about how state space models, and Jamba, work. You’ll also learn how to prompt Jamba, use it to process long documents, and build long-context RAG apps. - Learn how Jamba combines transformer and state space model architectures to achieve high performance and quality - Use the AI21 SDK, with an example of prompting over a large 200k-token annual financial report of Nvidia - Use Jamba for tool-calling, with hands-on examples from calling simple arithmetic calculations to a function that returns quarterly company financial reports. - Learn how training for long context is done, and the metrics used for its evaluation - Create a RAG app using the AI21 Conversational RAG tool and build your own RAG pipeline that uses Jamba and LangChain. By the end of this course, you'll learn how to build applications that can handle context as long as an entire book. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

77,792 次观看 • 1 年前

Introducing the context course: a free course on doing ML with agent context. You will learn how to train models, optimize inferences, and build datasets, all by defining harness context with`SKILLS.md`, Plugins, MCP, Subagents, and Hooks. The course includes: - Weekly live AMA on YouTube - Weekly practical projects for ML with context - Instructions in Pi, Codex, Claude, and Opencode - Tutorials and guides on fundamentals - Interactive Quizzes Learn to give AI agents the right knowledge, tools, and structure to actually get work done. Skills, MCP servers, plugins, multi-agent workflows, and building an agent from scratch. Join here:

Introducing the context course: a free course on doing ML with agent context. You will learn how to train models, optimize inferences, and build datasets, all by defining harness context with`SKILLS.md`, Plugins, MCP, Subagents, and Hooks. The course includes: - Weekly live AMA on YouTube - Weekly practical projects for ML with context - Instructions in Pi, Codex, Claude, and Opencode - Tutorials and guides on fundamentals - Interactive Quizzes Learn to give AI agents the right knowledge, tools, and structure to actually get work done. Skills, MCP servers, plugins, multi-agent workflows, and building an agent from scratch. Join here:

Ben Burtenshaw

16,905 次观看 • 1 个月前