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New course: Efficient Inference with SGLang: Text and Image Generation, built in partnership with LMSys LMSYS Org and RadixArk RadixArk, and taught by Richard Chen Richard Chen, a Member of Technical Staff at RadixArk. Running LLMs in production is expensive, and much of that cost comes from redundant computation.... This short course teaches you to eliminate that waste using SGLang, an open-source inference framework that caches computation already done and reuses it across future requests. When ten users share the same system prompt, SGLang processes it once, not ten times. The speedups compound quickly, especially when there's a lot of shared context across requests. Skills you'll gain: - Implement a KV cache from scratch to eliminate redundant computation within a single request - Scale caching across users and requests with RadixAttention, so shared context is only processed once - Accelerate image generation with diffusion models using SGLang's caching and multi-GPU parallelism Join and learn to make LLM inference faster and more cost-efficient at scale!show more

Andrew Ng

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98,660 просмотров • 3 месяцев назад •via X (Twitter)

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New course on serving LLMs efficiently -- how do you serve models to many concurrent users at low latency and reasonable cost? This short course is built with Red Hat and taught by Cedric Clyburn. Efficient LLM serving requires efficient memory management. A 70B-parameter model takes ~140 GB just to load the weights. On top of that, every active request needs its own chunk of GPU memory, the KV cache, to store the token context it has built up so far. In this course, you'll learn to reduce a model's memory footprint with quantization and serve it using vLLM, which handles many concurrent requests efficiently through smart memory management. Skills you'll gain: - Quantize a model and measure the accuracy tradeoff - Serve a model with vLLM and watch it handle concurrent requests efficiently - Benchmark your deployment and make informed tradeoffs between speed, cost, and accuracy Join and learn to serve LLMs efficiently:

New course on serving LLMs efficiently -- how do you serve models to many concurrent users at low latency and reasonable cost? This short course is built with Red Hat and taught by Cedric Clyburn. Efficient LLM serving requires efficient memory management. A 70B-parameter model takes ~140 GB just to load the weights. On top of that, every active request needs its own chunk of GPU memory, the KV cache, to store the token context it has built up so far. In this course, you'll learn to reduce a model's memory footprint with quantization and serve it using vLLM, which handles many concurrent requests efficiently through smart memory management. Skills you'll gain: - Quantize a model and measure the accuracy tradeoff - Serve a model with vLLM and watch it handle concurrent requests efficiently - Benchmark your deployment and make informed tradeoffs between speed, cost, and accuracy Join and learn to serve LLMs efficiently:

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The Cost of Intelligence is Heading to Zero | Hyperspace P2P Distributed Cache We present to you our breakthrough cross-domain work across AI, distributed systems, cryptography, game theory to solve the primary structural inefficiency at the heart of AI infrastructure: most inference is redundant. Google has reported that only 15% of daily searches are truly novel. The rest are repeats or close variants. LLM inference inherits this same power-law distribution. Enterprise chatbots see 70-80% of queries fall into a handful of intent categories. System prompts are identical across 100% of requests within an application. The KV attention state for "You are a helpful assistant" has been computed billions of times, on millions of GPUs, identically. And yet every AI lab, every startup, every self-hosted deployment - computes and caches these results independently. There is no shared layer. No global memory. 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The Cost of Intelligence is Heading to Zero | Hyperspace P2P Distributed Cache We present to you our breakthrough cross-domain work across AI, distributed systems, cryptography, game theory to solve the primary structural inefficiency at the heart of AI infrastructure: most inference is redundant. Google has reported that only 15% of daily searches are truly novel. The rest are repeats or close variants. LLM inference inherits this same power-law distribution. Enterprise chatbots see 70-80% of queries fall into a handful of intent categories. System prompts are identical across 100% of requests within an application. The KV attention state for "You are a helpful assistant" has been computed billions of times, on millions of GPUs, identically. And yet every AI lab, every startup, every self-hosted deployment - computes and caches these results independently. There is no shared layer. No global memory. 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New questions that share a common prefix resume generation from cached state instead of recomputing from scratch. 3. Routing to cached nodes Instead of transferring KV state across the network for every request, Hyperspace routes the request to the node that already has the state loaded in VRAM. The request goes to the cache, not the cache to the request. Together, these three layers mean that 70-90% of inference requests at network scale never require full GPU computation. This work doesn't exist in isolation. It builds on research from across the industry: SGLang's RadixAttention demonstrated that automatic prefix sharing can yield up to 5x speedup on structured LLM workloads. Moonshot AI's Mooncake built an entire KV-cache-centric disaggregated architecture for production serving at Kimi. Anthropic, OpenAI, and Google all launched prompt caching products in 2024 - priced at 50-90% discounts - because system prompt reuse is so pervasive that it changes the economics of inference. What all of these systems share is a common limitation: they operate within a single organization's infrastructure. SGLang caches prefixes within one server. Mooncake disaggregates KV cache within one datacenter. Anthropic's prompt caching works within one API provider's fleet. None of them can share cached state across organizational boundaries. Hyperspace removes this boundary. The cache is global. A response computed by a node in Tokyo is immediately available to a node in Berlin. A KV prefix state generated for Qwen-32B on one machine is verifiable and reusable by any other machine running the same model. The routing network provides the delivery guarantees, the erasure coding provides the redundancy, and the cache proofs provide the trust. What this means for the cost of intelligence Big AI labs scale linearly: twice the users means twice the GPU spend. Every query is a cost center. Their internal caching helps, but it's siloed - Lab A's cache can't serve Lab B's users, and neither can serve a self-hosted Llama deployment. Hyperspace scales sub-linearly. Every new node that joins the network adds to the global cache. Every inference result enriches the cache for all future requests. The cache hit rate rises with network size because query distributions follow a power law - the most common questions are asked exponentially more often than rare ones. The implication is simple: as the network grows, the effective cost per inference drops. Not linearly. Logarithmically. At 10 million nodes, we estimate 75-90% of all inference requests can be served from cache, eliminating 400,000+ MWh of energy consumption per year and avoiding over 200,000 tons of CO2 emissions. The first person to ask a question pays the compute cost. Everyone after them gets the answer for free, with cryptographic proof that it's authentic. Training is competitive. 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h100envy

311,616 просмотров • 2 дней назад

New Course: ACP: Agent Communication Protocol Learn to build agents that communicate and collaborate across different frameworks using ACP in this short course built with IBM Research's BeeAI, and taught by Sandi Besen, AI Research Engineer & Ecosystem Lead at IBM, and Nicholas Renotte, Head of AI Developer Advocacy at IBM. Building a multi-agent system with agents built or used by different teams and organizations can become challenging. You may need to write custom integrations each time a team updates their agent design or changes their choice of agentic orchestration framework. The Agent Communication Protocol (ACP) is an open protocol that addresses this challenge by standardizing how agents communicate, using a unified RESTful interface that works across frameworks. In this protocol, you host an agent inside an ACP server, which handles requests from an ACP client and passes them to the appropriate agent. Using a standardized client-server interface allows multiple teams to reuse agents across projects. It also makes it easier to switch between frameworks, replace an agent with a new version, or update a multi-agent system without refactoring the entire system. In this course, you’ll learn to connect agents through ACP. You’ll understand the lifecycle of an ACP Agent and how it compares to other protocols, such as MCP (Model Context Protocol) and A2A (Agent-to-Agent). You’ll build ACP-compliant agents and implement both sequential and hierarchical workflows of multiple agents collaborating using ACP. Through hands-on exercises, you’ll build: - A RAG agent with CrewAI and wrap it inside an ACP server. - An ACP Client to make calls to the ACP server you created. - A sequential workflow that chains an ACP server, created with Smolagents, to the RAG agent. - A hierarchical workflow using a router agent that transforms user queries into tasks, delegated to agents available through ACP servers. - An agent that uses MCP to access tools and ACP to communicate with other agents. You’ll finish up by importing your ACP agents into the BeeAI platform, an open-source registry for discovering and sharing agents. ACP enables collaboration between agents across teams and organizations. By the end of this course, you’ll be able to build ACP agents and workflows that communicate and collaborate regardless of framework. Please sign up here:

New Course: ACP: Agent Communication Protocol Learn to build agents that communicate and collaborate across different frameworks using ACP in this short course built with IBM Research's BeeAI, and taught by Sandi Besen, AI Research Engineer & Ecosystem Lead at IBM, and Nicholas Renotte, Head of AI Developer Advocacy at IBM. Building a multi-agent system with agents built or used by different teams and organizations can become challenging. You may need to write custom integrations each time a team updates their agent design or changes their choice of agentic orchestration framework. The Agent Communication Protocol (ACP) is an open protocol that addresses this challenge by standardizing how agents communicate, using a unified RESTful interface that works across frameworks. In this protocol, you host an agent inside an ACP server, which handles requests from an ACP client and passes them to the appropriate agent. Using a standardized client-server interface allows multiple teams to reuse agents across projects. It also makes it easier to switch between frameworks, replace an agent with a new version, or update a multi-agent system without refactoring the entire system. In this course, you’ll learn to connect agents through ACP. You’ll understand the lifecycle of an ACP Agent and how it compares to other protocols, such as MCP (Model Context Protocol) and A2A (Agent-to-Agent). You’ll build ACP-compliant agents and implement both sequential and hierarchical workflows of multiple agents collaborating using ACP. Through hands-on exercises, you’ll build: - A RAG agent with CrewAI and wrap it inside an ACP server. - An ACP Client to make calls to the ACP server you created. - A sequential workflow that chains an ACP server, created with Smolagents, to the RAG agent. - A hierarchical workflow using a router agent that transforms user queries into tasks, delegated to agents available through ACP servers. - An agent that uses MCP to access tools and ACP to communicate with other agents. You’ll finish up by importing your ACP agents into the BeeAI platform, an open-source registry for discovering and sharing agents. ACP enables collaboration between agents across teams and organizations. By the end of this course, you’ll be able to build ACP agents and workflows that communicate and collaborate regardless of framework. Please sign up here:

Andrew Ng

105,343 просмотров • 1 год назад

I added KV caching and INT8 KV quantization to our transformer inference, improving throughput by 35x. All of this was done from scratch in Rust + CUDA, on top of a homemade ML framework. On a 4-token prompt with 252 generated tokens: - Original: 0.76 tok/s - KV cache fp32: 27.21 tok/s - KV cache int8 (quantized): 27.29 tok/s Try it out yourself here: In practice: - KV caching gave us about a 35x end-to-end speedup - INT8 KV cache kept roughly the same speed as fp32 but cut KV cache memory by 3.78x FP32 cache used 4.5 MB in this run while the INT8 cache used only 1.19 MB This simple change to inference created a huge impact on performance. To learn more about the KV cache and other optimizations like this, check out the blog at

I added KV caching and INT8 KV quantization to our transformer inference, improving throughput by 35x. All of this was done from scratch in Rust + CUDA, on top of a homemade ML framework. On a 4-token prompt with 252 generated tokens: - Original: 0.76 tok/s - KV cache fp32: 27.21 tok/s - KV cache int8 (quantized): 27.29 tok/s Try it out yourself here: In practice: - KV caching gave us about a 35x end-to-end speedup - INT8 KV cache kept roughly the same speed as fp32 but cut KV cache memory by 3.78x FP32 cache used 4.5 MB in this run while the INT8 cache used only 1.19 MB This simple change to inference created a huge impact on performance. To learn more about the KV cache and other optimizations like this, check out the blog at

Reese Chong

52,588 просмотров • 2 месяцев назад

LLM-grounded Diffusion: Enhancing Prompt Understanding of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Large Language Models paper page: github: Recent advancements in text-to-image generation with diffusion models have yielded remarkable results synthesizing highly realistic and diverse images. However, these models still encounter difficulties when generating images from prompts that demand spatial or common sense reasoning. We propose to equip diffusion models with enhanced reasoning capabilities by using off-the-shelf pretrained large language models (LLMs) in a novel two-stage generation process. First, we adapt an LLM to be a text-guided layout generator through in-context learning. When provided with an image prompt, an LLM outputs a scene layout in the form of bounding boxes along with corresponding individual descriptions. Second, we steer a diffusion model with a novel controller to generate images conditioned on the layout. Both stages utilize frozen pretrained models without any LLM or diffusion model parameter optimization. We validate the superiority of our design by demonstrating its ability to outperform the base diffusion model in accurately generating images according to prompts that necessitate both language and spatial reasoning. Additionally, our method naturally allows dialog-based scene specification and is able to handle prompts in a language that is not well-supported by the underlying diffusion model.

LLM-grounded Diffusion: Enhancing Prompt Understanding of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Large Language Models paper page: github: Recent advancements in text-to-image generation with diffusion models have yielded remarkable results synthesizing highly realistic and diverse images. However, these models still encounter difficulties when generating images from prompts that demand spatial or common sense reasoning. We propose to equip diffusion models with enhanced reasoning capabilities by using off-the-shelf pretrained large language models (LLMs) in a novel two-stage generation process. First, we adapt an LLM to be a text-guided layout generator through in-context learning. When provided with an image prompt, an LLM outputs a scene layout in the form of bounding boxes along with corresponding individual descriptions. Second, we steer a diffusion model with a novel controller to generate images conditioned on the layout. Both stages utilize frozen pretrained models without any LLM or diffusion model parameter optimization. We validate the superiority of our design by demonstrating its ability to outperform the base diffusion model in accurately generating images according to prompts that necessitate both language and spatial reasoning. Additionally, our method naturally allows dialog-based scene specification and is able to handle prompts in a language that is not well-supported by the underlying diffusion model.

AK

83,657 просмотров • 2 лет назад