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The bizarre Stipa-Caproni 1932 aircraft fundamentally changed how engineers thought about propulsion. It was an experimental Italian aircraft built by the Caproni manufacturer. Designed by Luigi Stipa, the aircraft featured a hollow, barrel-shaped fuselage that completely enclosed the engine and propeller. This innovative design formed a ducted fan, which...

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Following the Delta A330-323(N813NW) engine failure after departure from São Paulo (GRU), many are asking: what actually happens if an airliner loses an engine just after takeoff? As passenger in the cabin watching this scenario unfold, the panic is understandable. Seeing flames from an engine is alarming. But this is exactly the kind of scenario pilots are trained for repeatedly in simulators. Modern multi-engine aircraft are designed to fly safely on one engine. In fact, losing one engine is a certification requirement during testing. Here’s what happens: At liftoff, pilots target V2 speed—the minimum safe speed that guarantees the aircraft can continue climbing even with one engine inoperative. If an engine fails: • The MASTER FIRE warning light will illuminate in the cockpit and the fire warning bell will sound, alerting the pilots on the affected engine (they will close the fuel, hydraulic shutoff, and engine bleed air valves, and also discharge the related fire bottle to extinguish the engine fire). Of course, they will be careful NOT TO shut down the wrong engine (this has happened before). • Maximum thrust is applied on the remaining engine. • Rudder input keeps the aircraft straight (countering asymmetric thrust) • The aircraft climbs straight ahead for best performance (turns reduce climb rate unless required) Once above a safe altitude (typically ~1,500 ft / Minimum Flap Retraction Altitude(MFRA): • The aircraft accelerates • Flaps are retracted (“cleaning up”) • Crew assesses the situation and plans a return or diversion Even at very low altitude, the aircraft remains controllable by design. It may not climb aggressively, but it will climb. Bottom line: What looks catastrophic from the cabin is a scenario pilots are highly trained to handle—and aircraft are engineered to withstand. Hope this helps any nervous flyer. Flying is safe, and the chances of this happening have reduced due to lessons learned from previous incidents. And if you ever find yourself in this situation, trust that the pilots will act according to their training—because that’s their job.

Turbine Traveller

42,927 просмотров • 5 месяцев назад

For almost the entire history of fighter aviation, one rule remained unchanged, Avoid the stall. At extreme angles of attack, airflow separates from the wings and control surfaces lose effectiveness. The aircraft enters a region where pilots have very little authority or control over the aircraft. NASA decided to ask a different question, What if a fighter could remain controllable after entering the stall? Between 1987 and 1996, NASA, the USA Navy and McDonnell Douglas transformed a pre-production FA -18 Hornet into the High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) a flying laboratory designed to explore flight beyond conventional aerodynamic limits. The solution was unlike anything seen on an operational fighter at the time across the world. Instead of relying only on aerodynamic control surfaces, engineers installed six thrust-vectoring paddles around the exhaust of two General Electric F404 engines. These massive control surfaces redirected engine thrust itself, allowing the aircraft to manoeuvre when normal controls were becoming ineffective. But making it work required solving an extreme materials challenge. The paddles sat directly in the engine exhaust stream, exposed to enormous temperatures and mechanical forces. They were built using Inconel, a nickel-based superalloy designed to maintain strength in extreme heat. Special actuation systems had to move these structures precisely while surviving repeated high-temperature operation, all were purpose built. The modification added around 2,200 lb (1,000 kg) of thrust-vectoring hardware alone, turning the F/A-18 into one of the most heavily instrumented research aircraft of its era. HARV completed 385 research flights in Area 51, demonstrating controlled flight at around 70° angle of attack, a regime where conventional fighters would normally lose control. The data collected helped shape the future of advanced fighter design, influencing later programs including the F-22 Raptor, where thrust-vectoring became an operational capability. HARV was built as a research aircraft with a clear combat purpose, to understand how far fighter manoeuvrability could be pushed. What followed next was full scale implementation on F-22 Raptor which to this day is considered the most potent stealth fighter aircraft ever designed and built at scale. Source :- NASA

Ammanichanda

34,009 просмотров • 29 дней назад