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We sat down with Michael Levin, developmental biologist at Tufts University, about the emerging field of developmental bioelectricity: how electrical signals help control how organisms build and regenerate themselves. Levin explains how voltage gradients, ion channels, and gap junctions guide embryonic development and encode large-scale anatomical information that cells... use to determine what structures to build. We also discuss two-headed planarian worms, ectopic eye formation, regenerative medicine, morphogenesis, and why bioelectricity may represent a layer of biological control that exists beyond genes alone. Full episode is here on X and at the links below (see comment). Timestamps: 00:00 - Intro 01:40 - Early Interest in Bioelectricity 05:22 - External Electric Stimulation 19:54 - Two-Headed Planarians 31:40 - Designing Bioelectric Experimental Methods 56:37 - Different Model Organisms 1:07:34 - TAME Theory 1:24:16 - Xenobots and Advice for Young Scientistsshow more

632nm

1,378 subscribers

19,515 views • 3 months ago •via X (Twitter)

Anya Rossi• Live Now

Private livecam show

13 Comments

Michael Levin3 months ago

@TuftsUniversity Thank you for the conversation!

Jessica Rose 🤙3 months ago

"The fact that memory is maintained through multiple cell cycles indicates that the molecular mechanisms responsible are stable through DNA replication and mitosis and ultimately inherited by daughter cells. How do cells remember a previous transcriptional state? Epigenetic changes in chromatin structure are likely responsible."

DeBarra Shaw3 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity Such a refreshing and candid interview with Dr. Levin. Great questions and love the outdoor format!

Dawn3 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity Brilliant

🅧 𝐑Ξᴋᴛᴏʀ 🅇🄴🄽3 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity He's got more data than a data center

Leo Bezhanishvili3 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity The outdoor setting is a great change of pace, but I have to say, your 'hardware' is looking exceptionally vibrant and handsome today, Mike!

Jordan Parker 🪬3 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity Is that a Feynman voice clone?!

Jessie2 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity This was great! Really appreciate all the clarifying questions you guys brought!

Sofia @ Sacred Petals™3 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity Excellent interview! I am fascinated by Michael Levin’s approach and discoveries. He opens “doors” for us where we did not know that there can be a “door”. Great work!

Bartas Urba3 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity The formalism being the prompt is fascinating.

m-session3 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity fields be fielding

Trillion $ speech3 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity the organization has a collective intelligence of the feasibility for the continuation of their own species? @ 52:17 "organ", "organism", "organization"... the key is that the additional formation becomes too expensive to maintain so the genome is rejected & can't integrate.

Escape the Narratives3 months ago

@drmichaellevin @TuftsUniversity “voltage gradients”, sounds a lot like subjective experiences lead to intelligence

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10,849 views • 14 days ago

Today’s guest on the Free Radicals podcast is José Luis Ricón Fernández de la Puente, head of theory Retro Biosciences and blogger Jose is a prolific blogger, covering a wide breadth of topics across economics, philosophy, progress studies, science funding, much more, and of course longevity. His works have been published by a16z, Works in Progress and Adam Smith Institute. Our conversation is wide ranging, spanning a deep dive on Retro’s work to replace and engineer microglia to rejuvenate the brain and how our cells have the ability to turn back the aging clock but choose not to. We also covered the technological stagnation and why biological engineering is the new frontier of progress, as well as philosophical topics like transhumanism and how a future of total biological control might impact our values and way of life. Be sure to follow me and Eric Dai to stay up to date on the latest news in longevity biotech! And Special thank you to NFX & omri_drory for lending us their beautiful podcasting studio! 0:00 Intro 2:49 What is aging & why cells have a tough choice to make 9:02 When cells choose to reverse aging themselves 12:43 Cellular vs Organismal Aging & the magic wand experiment 18:31 What is reprogramming 22:40 How reprogramming plays a role in DNA damage repair 25:42 Do we already know how to cure aging? FOXO3! 28:37 How to cut through the complexity of interconnected biology 32:32 Why transcription factors are so great for intervening 36:49 Does a rejuvenation program exist already in the genome 38:51 Michael Levin: from thinking in terms of genes to morphogenesis 48:14 Tech stagnation and why physics is cooked 55:03 Why doesn't the world look more futuristic 57:26 Transhumanism & asking ourselves what we want out of life 1:05:34 Do we need war for technological progress 1:09:31 Government role in science funding 1:15:06 How Jose became the Head of Theory at Retro 1:24:53 How AI might put software engineers out of a job, and push them towards biotech 1:27:28 What it takes to get a flywheel in biotech 1:29:04 Rejuvenation vs Prevention 1:34:23 Aging is the coolest hardest problem to work on 1:36:09 What does it take to cure aging 1:42:25 Delivery mechanisms for genetic therapies 1:48:53 Retro's work to replace microglia and engineer them outside the body 1:59:10 Consciousness 2:00:39 Jose's Origin Story

Today’s guest on the Free Radicals podcast is José Luis Ricón Fernández de la Puente, head of theory Retro Biosciences and blogger Jose is a prolific blogger, covering a wide breadth of topics across economics, philosophy, progress studies, science funding, much more, and of course longevity. His works have been published by a16z, Works in Progress and Adam Smith Institute. Our conversation is wide ranging, spanning a deep dive on Retro’s work to replace and engineer microglia to rejuvenate the brain and how our cells have the ability to turn back the aging clock but choose not to. We also covered the technological stagnation and why biological engineering is the new frontier of progress, as well as philosophical topics like transhumanism and how a future of total biological control might impact our values and way of life. Be sure to follow me and Eric Dai to stay up to date on the latest news in longevity biotech! And Special thank you to NFX & omri_drory for lending us their beautiful podcasting studio! 0:00 Intro 2:49 What is aging & why cells have a tough choice to make 9:02 When cells choose to reverse aging themselves 12:43 Cellular vs Organismal Aging & the magic wand experiment 18:31 What is reprogramming 22:40 How reprogramming plays a role in DNA damage repair 25:42 Do we already know how to cure aging? FOXO3! 28:37 How to cut through the complexity of interconnected biology 32:32 Why transcription factors are so great for intervening 36:49 Does a rejuvenation program exist already in the genome 38:51 Michael Levin: from thinking in terms of genes to morphogenesis 48:14 Tech stagnation and why physics is cooked 55:03 Why doesn't the world look more futuristic 57:26 Transhumanism & asking ourselves what we want out of life 1:05:34 Do we need war for technological progress 1:09:31 Government role in science funding 1:15:06 How Jose became the Head of Theory at Retro 1:24:53 How AI might put software engineers out of a job, and push them towards biotech 1:27:28 What it takes to get a flywheel in biotech 1:29:04 Rejuvenation vs Prevention 1:34:23 Aging is the coolest hardest problem to work on 1:36:09 What does it take to cure aging 1:42:25 Delivery mechanisms for genetic therapies 1:48:53 Retro's work to replace microglia and engineer them outside the body 1:59:10 Consciousness 2:00:39 Jose's Origin Story

Daniel Shur

13,644 views • 6 months ago

My conversations with Frederik Brandis, one of the key minds and early investors behind Arsipa, which built a platform through 40 acquisitions and had a $150M exit to Warburg Pincus just three years after its founding. We discuss what separates AAA entrepreneurs from everyone else, why emotional intelligence matters more than pedigree, how Frederik evaluates founders before they've built anything and why buy-and-build remains one of the most attractive opportunities in investing. We also explore: - What makes an exceptional buy-and-build entrepreneur - The biggest misconceptions about roll-ups and ETA - Lessons from scaling through 40 acquisitions - When to sell - and why leaving value for the next owner matters Enjoy! Timestamps 0:00 The gap in private equity that led to Aven Capital Partners 6:04 What makes a true "AAA Entrepreneur" 9:00 How Frederik evaluates founders before they've built anything 13:34 Is now still the best time for buy-and-build? 16:43 The Arsipa story: from first investment to major exit 20:20 Why Frederik chose investing over becoming a searcher 23:39 Biggest lessons after watching 40 acquisitions 27:00 Holding periods, exits & leaving upside for the next owner 32:50 Designing businesses that private equity actually wants to buy 37:16 How young entrepreneurs earn credibility without pedigree 43:25 Why many searchers and roll-up founders fail 46:06 Frederik vision for building operating system for buy-and-build

My conversations with Frederik Brandis, one of the key minds and early investors behind Arsipa, which built a platform through 40 acquisitions and had a $150M exit to Warburg Pincus just three years after its founding. We discuss what separates AAA entrepreneurs from everyone else, why emotional intelligence matters more than pedigree, how Frederik evaluates founders before they've built anything and why buy-and-build remains one of the most attractive opportunities in investing. We also explore: - What makes an exceptional buy-and-build entrepreneur - The biggest misconceptions about roll-ups and ETA - Lessons from scaling through 40 acquisitions - When to sell - and why leaving value for the next owner matters Enjoy! Timestamps 0:00 The gap in private equity that led to Aven Capital Partners 6:04 What makes a true "AAA Entrepreneur" 9:00 How Frederik evaluates founders before they've built anything 13:34 Is now still the best time for buy-and-build? 16:43 The Arsipa story: from first investment to major exit 20:20 Why Frederik chose investing over becoming a searcher 23:39 Biggest lessons after watching 40 acquisitions 27:00 Holding periods, exits & leaving upside for the next owner 32:50 Designing businesses that private equity actually wants to buy 37:16 How young entrepreneurs earn credibility without pedigree 43:25 Why many searchers and roll-up founders fail 46:06 Frederik vision for building operating system for buy-and-build

PrivateEquityGuy (Mikk Markus)

77,508 views • 2 months ago

My conversation with OpenAI co-founder Greg Brockman This is the most detailed first-person account of the 72 hours after Sam Altman was fired. We also go deep on what comes next: the global race to AGI, why ChatGPT stopped showing reasoning, how much of OpenAI's own code is now written by AI ("it's hard to know what percent is not"), and the untold story of how OpenAI actually started in 2015. 00:00:00 Introduction 00:00:49 Meeting Sam Altman and Starting OpenAI 00:02:40 Building the Founding Team 00:04:25 DeepMind's Lead Over OpenAI 00:04:54 Changing OpenAI to a For-Profit Model 00:06:05 Breakthrough Moments at OpenAI 00:08:22 What Dota 2 Meant for OpenAI 00:10:04 Reasoning Versus Prediction 00:11:59 Tensions Grow at OpenAI 00:15:44 Sam Altman's Firing 00:17:49 Greg Quits OpenAI 00:19:56 Sam Explores Deal with Microsoft's Satya 00:20:28 Petition for Altman's Return 00:23:43 Ilya Sutskever Leaves OpenAI 00:24:59 Lessons Learned after Sam Ousting 00:28:22 The Thing Ilya Said that Greg Can't Forget 00:32:22 Is AI Going Parabolic? 00:33:24 How Much of OpenAI's Code is Written by AI? 00:36:21 Do AI Chatbots Tell Us What We Want to Hear? 00:38:06 The Global AI Race to Reach AGI 00:38:40 What Happens if US Doesn't Reach AGI First? 00:39:49 Are Countries Stealing AI Advancements? 00:40:38 Why ChatGPT No Longer Shows Reasoning 00:41:47 The Finite Constraints of Compute 00:43:38 On Investing Early in Data Centers 00:46:31 The Future of Data Center Specialization 00:47:52 How to Decide Whose Queries to Serve 00:49:08 OpenAI on Consumer vs Enterprise Models 00:53:05 Data Centers in Space? 01:00:56 What Should AI Regulation Look Like? 01:04:33 The Future of AI-Powered Entrepreneurship 01:04:44 AI and Job Loss 01:07:15 The Skills Young People Should Invest In 01:11:30 What Does Success Look Like For You? Full episode on X below. Also find it on: • YouTube: • Spotify: • Apple:

My conversation with OpenAI co-founder Greg Brockman This is the most detailed first-person account of the 72 hours after Sam Altman was fired. We also go deep on what comes next: the global race to AGI, why ChatGPT stopped showing reasoning, how much of OpenAI's own code is now written by AI ("it's hard to know what percent is not"), and the untold story of how OpenAI actually started in 2015. 00:00:00 Introduction 00:00:49 Meeting Sam Altman and Starting OpenAI 00:02:40 Building the Founding Team 00:04:25 DeepMind's Lead Over OpenAI 00:04:54 Changing OpenAI to a For-Profit Model 00:06:05 Breakthrough Moments at OpenAI 00:08:22 What Dota 2 Meant for OpenAI 00:10:04 Reasoning Versus Prediction 00:11:59 Tensions Grow at OpenAI 00:15:44 Sam Altman's Firing 00:17:49 Greg Quits OpenAI 00:19:56 Sam Explores Deal with Microsoft's Satya 00:20:28 Petition for Altman's Return 00:23:43 Ilya Sutskever Leaves OpenAI 00:24:59 Lessons Learned after Sam Ousting 00:28:22 The Thing Ilya Said that Greg Can't Forget 00:32:22 Is AI Going Parabolic? 00:33:24 How Much of OpenAI's Code is Written by AI? 00:36:21 Do AI Chatbots Tell Us What We Want to Hear? 00:38:06 The Global AI Race to Reach AGI 00:38:40 What Happens if US Doesn't Reach AGI First? 00:39:49 Are Countries Stealing AI Advancements? 00:40:38 Why ChatGPT No Longer Shows Reasoning 00:41:47 The Finite Constraints of Compute 00:43:38 On Investing Early in Data Centers 00:46:31 The Future of Data Center Specialization 00:47:52 How to Decide Whose Queries to Serve 00:49:08 OpenAI on Consumer vs Enterprise Models 00:53:05 Data Centers in Space? 01:00:56 What Should AI Regulation Look Like? 01:04:33 The Future of AI-Powered Entrepreneurship 01:04:44 AI and Job Loss 01:07:15 The Skills Young People Should Invest In 01:11:30 What Does Success Look Like For You? Full episode on X below. Also find it on: • YouTube: • Spotify: • Apple:

Shane Parrish

450,952 views • 5 months ago

Michael Truell (Michael Truell), co-founder and CEO of Anysphere, the company behind Cursor, joined Garry Tan to talk about building one of the fastest-growing startups of all time—and why he's betting everything on a world beyond code. He walks through the early insights that led him and his co-founders to leave a promising AI-powered CAD project and instead chase a bigger dream: reinventing how software is written. From the hard years of false starts and rewrites to Cursor's breakthrough moment, Michael explains what it really takes to build a tool that could eventually replace programming as we know it. He also reflects on their first 10 hires, why taste still matters, and how the decade ahead will unlock a new kind of creativity for builders everywhere. 01:00 - A new way to build software 04:50 - Two ways to view LLMs 05:50 - Bottlenecks to superhuman agents 08:30 - New approaches to coding UI 09:40 - Why taste still matters 12:15 - Niche software opportunities 13:30 - Cursor origin story 16:00 - The first problem they tried solving 17:20 - Why they abandoned the CAD idea 21:00 - Pivoting to Cursor 23:00 - Following the scaling laws 27:00 - Getting to PMF 30:00 - “Dogfooding” 31:00 - First 10 hires 32:50 - How to evaluate great engineers 33:45 - Maintaining the hacker mindset 35:00 - What are the moats for AI coding tools? 37:00 - Looking ahead

Michael Truell (Michael Truell), co-founder and CEO of Anysphere, the company behind Cursor, joined Garry Tan to talk about building one of the fastest-growing startups of all time—and why he's betting everything on a world beyond code. He walks through the early insights that led him and his co-founders to leave a promising AI-powered CAD project and instead chase a bigger dream: reinventing how software is written. From the hard years of false starts and rewrites to Cursor's breakthrough moment, Michael explains what it really takes to build a tool that could eventually replace programming as we know it. He also reflects on their first 10 hires, why taste still matters, and how the decade ahead will unlock a new kind of creativity for builders everywhere. 01:00 - A new way to build software 04:50 - Two ways to view LLMs 05:50 - Bottlenecks to superhuman agents 08:30 - New approaches to coding UI 09:40 - Why taste still matters 12:15 - Niche software opportunities 13:30 - Cursor origin story 16:00 - The first problem they tried solving 17:20 - Why they abandoned the CAD idea 21:00 - Pivoting to Cursor 23:00 - Following the scaling laws 27:00 - Getting to PMF 30:00 - “Dogfooding” 31:00 - First 10 hires 32:50 - How to evaluate great engineers 33:45 - Maintaining the hacker mindset 35:00 - What are the moats for AI coding tools? 37:00 - Looking ahead

Y Combinator

337,015 views • 1 year ago

"You just can't build a slow, expensive blockchain anymore." Solana founder toly 🇺🇸 built a $47 billion network from an idea he couldn't sleep on. Two coffees and a beer at Cafe du Soleil in 2017, and he was up until 4 a.m., figuring out how to use proof of work to measure time. His parents escaped the USSR in the 90s with $50 to their name and landed in Chicago in their 40s. His mom was a pianist. His dad was a civil engineer who took blue-collar roofing jobs while getting his electrician certificates. His son did the circuit analysis homework for him. That 4 a.m. idea became proof of history, the core mechanism behind Solana. In this episode: 00:00:00 Trailer 00:01:06 Intro 00:01:17 Growing up in the Soviet Union 00:04:02 Immigrating to the United States 00:07:34 Career dreams and studying computer science 00:09:47 First startup and early lessons 00:11:19 13 years at Qualcomm 00:22:32 Meeting Raj and founding Solana 00:26:44 Fundraising and early investors 00:28:41 Surviving the FTX collapse 00:40:19 Solana's mission and impact 00:43:54 Using AI to run side projects 00:49:39 Hardest decisions as a leader 00:52:51 Outlook on crypto and Solana's future 00:59:22 Twitter, being public, and politics 01:05:52 Beliefs on human nature and life philosophy 01:09:34 Outro Full episode:

"You just can't build a slow, expensive blockchain anymore." Solana founder toly 🇺🇸 built a $47 billion network from an idea he couldn't sleep on. Two coffees and a beer at Cafe du Soleil in 2017, and he was up until 4 a.m., figuring out how to use proof of work to measure time. His parents escaped the USSR in the 90s with $50 to their name and landed in Chicago in their 40s. His mom was a pianist. His dad was a civil engineer who took blue-collar roofing jobs while getting his electrician certificates. His son did the circuit analysis homework for him. That 4 a.m. idea became proof of history, the core mechanism behind Solana. In this episode: 00:00:00 Trailer 00:01:06 Intro 00:01:17 Growing up in the Soviet Union 00:04:02 Immigrating to the United States 00:07:34 Career dreams and studying computer science 00:09:47 First startup and early lessons 00:11:19 13 years at Qualcomm 00:22:32 Meeting Raj and founding Solana 00:26:44 Fundraising and early investors 00:28:41 Surviving the FTX collapse 00:40:19 Solana's mission and impact 00:43:54 Using AI to run side projects 00:49:39 Hardest decisions as a leader 00:52:51 Outlook on crypto and Solana's future 00:59:22 Twitter, being public, and politics 01:05:52 Beliefs on human nature and life philosophy 01:09:34 Outro Full episode:

luba yudasina

262,714 views • 2 months ago

Mark Zuckerberg (Mark Zuckerberg) on Muse, Meta's personal AI agent I recently sat down with Zuckerberg for episode two of the Sources podcast. We go deep on Muse, Meta's new (and, in my experience over the last few days, very capable) agent that comes with its own virtual machine and can do much more than a chatbot. Zuck, in fact, is confident that Muse will pay for itself by making people money. We also discuss his views on the data center backlash, his concerns about the concentration of power in AI, Meta's recent youth-safety settlement, privacy concerns about Meta's smart glasses, and more. Timestamps: 00:00 Zuckerberg’s Vision for AI 08:34 Data Centers, Jobs and Local Communities 15:03 Why Meta Is Building Personal Superintelligence 19:14 How Zuckerberg Uses Muse 25:00 Muse Pricing and Business Model 30:31 Privacy and Security for Personal Agents 41:06 Who Will Win the Personal AI Agent Market? 44:31 Rebuilding Meta’s AI Lab 54:09 AI Safety and Working With Government 01:01:51 Smart Glasses and Privacy 01:05:50 Teen Safety and Social Media Limits Thanks to the show's premier sponsors: Granola, Mercury, and Atlassian

Mark Zuckerberg (Mark Zuckerberg) on Muse, Meta's personal AI agent I recently sat down with Zuckerberg for episode two of the Sources podcast. We go deep on Muse, Meta's new (and, in my experience over the last few days, very capable) agent that comes with its own virtual machine and can do much more than a chatbot. Zuck, in fact, is confident that Muse will pay for itself by making people money. We also discuss his views on the data center backlash, his concerns about the concentration of power in AI, Meta's recent youth-safety settlement, privacy concerns about Meta's smart glasses, and more. Timestamps: 00:00 Zuckerberg’s Vision for AI 08:34 Data Centers, Jobs and Local Communities 15:03 Why Meta Is Building Personal Superintelligence 19:14 How Zuckerberg Uses Muse 25:00 Muse Pricing and Business Model 30:31 Privacy and Security for Personal Agents 41:06 Who Will Win the Personal AI Agent Market? 44:31 Rebuilding Meta’s AI Lab 54:09 AI Safety and Working With Government 01:01:51 Smart Glasses and Privacy 01:05:50 Teen Safety and Social Media Limits Thanks to the show's premier sponsors: Granola, Mercury, and Atlassian

Alex Heath

250,452 views • 16 days ago