Bernoulli's Principle It’s a key idea in fluid dynamics... named after Daniel Bernoulli. In simple terms: For a fluid flowing smoothly, an increase in the fluid’s speed happens at the same time as a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid’s potential energy. Where: - P = pressure in the fluid - ρ = fluid density - v = flow velocity - g = acceleration due to gravity - h = height above a reference point Bernoulli's Principle basically says that for a fluid that's flowing smoothly, when its speed goes up, its pressure goes down. Think of it like this: fast-moving air or water pushes less sideways than slow-moving air or water. The energy in the fluid stays the same overall, but it shifts between motion, pressure, and height. That's why an airplane wing creates lift. The air moves faster over the curved top of the wing than underneath, so the pressure on top is lower. The higher pressure below pushes the wing up.show more

Bernoulli's Principle states that "fast moving fluid creates low... pressure". The guy created low pressure outside with the water and air moves from high pressure to low pressure so it quickly sucked out the air from the room which creates deficiency of oxygen in the room and fire went out.show more

Bernoulli’s Equation: P + ½ρv² + ρgh = constant... Mind-bending science that looks like pure sorcery! A lightweight paper loop floats and dances in a high-velocity air stream, seemingly defying gravity. Fast-moving air over and around the loop creates a low-pressure zone above and along its curved surfaces. Higher atmospheric pressure underneath pushes it upward, trapping it in the airstream. The Coanda Effect makes the air hug the curve of the loop, keeping the airflow attached and giving it remarkable stability. Gravity pulls down, while the pressure difference lifts up — creating a beautiful dynamic equilibrium. With nothing but moving air molecules, you can guide the loop wherever you want. Invisible forces at work!show more

A vortex ring is called like this because a... fluid or a gas (air, water, smoke, etc.) spins around the imaginary axis line that forms the closed loop of its typical shape: this is well visible in this short videoshow more

d’Alembert’s Paradox: The 1752 Paradox That Stood in the... Way of Real Aerodynamics In 1752, d’Alembert found a result that still feels wrong at first sight: An ideal fluid can flow around a body and produce no drag at all. In the first animation, viscosity is set to zero. The fluid bends around the object, accelerates, slows down, and stitches itself back together downstream. You get no wake, no loss and no scar in the flow. The equations have removed the very thing that would let the body leave a trace. That is Euler flow: ρ(∂u/∂t + (u · ∇)u) = −∇p ∇ · u = 0 For steady irrotational flow, u = ∇φ and ∇²φ = 0. The pressure field stays perfectly symmetric front to back, so when you integrate pressure over the body, the drag cancels: D = 0 The second animation changes one thing: viscosity is allowed back in. ρ(∂u/∂t + (u · ∇)u) = −∇p + μ∇²u ∇ · u = 0 Now, the surface can grip the fluid. A boundary layer forms. It can separate, vorticity rolls off the body and wake appears. Drag is now built by the flow. Therefore, making viscosity tiny is not the same as deleting it. ν → 0 still has a boundary layer. ν = 0 has no memory.show more

The fascinating concept of Non-Newtonian fluids, which transition from... a liquid state to a solid-like state when pressure is applied, has a rich history that spans several centuries. The study and understanding of these peculiar fluids have evolved over time, leading to a wide range of practical applications and scientific insights. One of the earliest references to Non-Newtonian behavior in fluids dates back to the 17th century when Sir Isaac Newton formulated the basic principles of fluid mechanics. Newton's laws of fluid motion primarily applied to Newtonian fluids, which exhibit constant viscosity and flow behavior regardless of the applied force or pressure. However, it soon became apparent that not all fluids behaved in this predictable manner. In the mid-19th century, a scientist named Thomas Andrews made significant contributions to the understanding of Non-Newtonian fluids. Andrews conducted groundbreaking experiments with carbon dioxide, revealing that under high pressure, this gas could transform into a liquid. This observation marked one of the earliest instances of pressure-induced phase changes in fluids. The term "Non-Newtonian" itself was coined in the 20th century to describe fluids that did not adhere to Newton's classical laws of fluid dynamics. These fluids exhibited a variety of behaviors, but one of the most intriguing was their ability to solidify or increase in viscosity when subjected to stress or pressure. One of the most famous examples of such behavior is cornstarch mixed with water, which forms a substance known as "oobleck" that becomes more solid when pressure is applied. In the modern era, Non-Newtonian fluids have found applications in various fields, including food science, engineering, and material science. They are used in products like quicksand, body armor, and even in the development of impact-resistant materials. One of the key insights that emerged from the study of Non-Newtonian fluids is the importance of understanding the relationship between stress and strain, as well as the influence of time-dependent properties on their behavior. This knowledge has led to advancements in rheology, the study of flow and deformation in materials, and has practical implications in areas such as industrial processing, medicine, and the design of everyday products.show more

Before a storm actually breaks, the signs contradict each... other. The pressure drops but the sky is clear. The air goes still while the water gets restless. Animals move before there's anything to see. Nothing agrees, and yet everything is responding to the same thing. That's this market. The data is contradictory on the surface, but underneath, the readings are all reacting to the same building pressure. Most people wait for the sky to change. By then it's already raining. So let's go through the readings one at a time. Because the pressure is telling us a storm is brewing... 🧵show more

The Tesla Cybercab doesn't have ANY brake fluid. It... is the first production vehicle to have a brake-by-wire system. Electronic actuators are responsible for the clamping pressure, rather than hydraulic fluid that you see in traditional vehicles. This system improves efficiency since the brake pads can fully disengage. They can go entirely off or on. It also enables Tesla to fine-tune the braking to be as smooth as possible. PLUS, when the car is built with the unboxed process, Tesla doesn't need to run any brake lines, everything is seamless.show more

How to calculate the power required for a water... pump. 1. Pump system The diagram shows a pump moving water from the suction side to the discharge side. H = Head: The height/distance the pump must lift the water. Suction: Where water enters the pump. Discharge: Where water leaves the pump. 2. Formula The formula used is: Where: P = Pump power in watts (W) ρ (rho) = Fluid density, for water 1000 kg/m³ g = Gravity, 9.81 m/s² Q = Flow rate in m³/s H = Pump head in meters η (eta) = Pump efficiency as a decimal 3. Given values The example gives: Flow rate Q = 75 m³/hour Head H = 30 m Water density ρ = 1000 kg/m³ Efficiency η = 70% = 0.70 First, convert the flow rate from m³/hour to m³/second: 4. Calculation Putting the values into the formula: This gives approximately: or: 5. Final answer The calculated pump power is 8.75 kW. In practical pump selection, you would normally choose a motor with some safety margin, so a motor larger than 8.75 kW may be selected depending on the pump's actual performance, starting conditions, and manufacturer specifications.show more

Inside a carburetor, air rushes through a narrow tube... called a venturi. This restriction forces the air to speed up, creating a sudden drop in pressure. That low pressure acts like a vacuum, drawing raw fuel through tiny jets where it instantly atomizes into a fine mist. This perfect air-fuel vapor is then sucked straight into the engine cylinders to ignite.show more

To presume that there is an inherent flaw in... the RBR Macarena wing design due to the rotation of its flap leading to Max’s issues is fundamentally flawed because Hadjar hasn’t had an issue with it yet. It’s not mental gymnastics folks…it’s engagement bait…. And it doesn’t make sense from an aerodynamic standpoint…either. 😁 Simple thought exercise. Pressure is force acting on an area. Pressure builds as air molecules crash onto an aero surface e. Force acts perpendicular to the surface and can be resolved in drag force and downforce (or lift) force components. Where is the pressure on the RBR wing just before it closes? Don’t believe me? Also my mate Balaskó Dominik did an excellent CFD simulation on his LinkedIn page showing this exactly.show more

I love the term #bombogenesis - coined in a... white paper in 1980. It sounds scary, but really it means “rapidly intensifying storm”. The reason it matters is, the faster a storm deepens (pressure drops) the stronger the wind gusts due to an imbalance in pressure - it forces air to move quickly. So when meteorologists say a #storm is a bomb it means something. In this case gusts over the ocean will reach 100 mph, with coastal gusts to #hurricane force 75 mph. #blizzard #blizzardof2026show more

I love your observation and it will make me... discuss the remarkable adaptations that prevents giraffes from passing out and suffering brain damage when bending to drink water and when standing up. ADAPTATION 1 Did you know that the distance from the giraffe's heart to its brain is about 2 meters or more? That's more than the average humans height! Pumping blood up to that great distance and working against gravity is not a joke! That's where the giraffe's heart comes in. A giraffe's heart is unique in several ways. First, it is quite large, weighing up to 11kg and measuring about 2 feet long, which is necessary to pump blood up the long neck to the brain. Second, it has thick walls to generate enough pressure to overcome gravity and push the blood up to the head. ADAPTATION 2 Now, let's move to the neck. Before discussing the incredible roles the valves in the jugular veins perform, let's look at what can happen without them, and then the solution. Problem I: When the giraffe bends down to drink, blood rushes downward to the head. Gravity pulls a huge volume of blood toward the brain, which could cause dangerously high pressure in the head and potentially burst vessels or cause other damage. Solution: They have one-way valves in the jugular veins (the large veins in the neck). These prevent blood from rushing backward uncontrollably into the head when lowered. These valves help regulate and slow the downward flow, avoiding a massive pressure surge to the brain. Also, the neck veins can act as temporary blood storage unit, storing over 1 litre of blood. This prevents blood from flooding the brain and also reduces the amount of blood returning to the heart. As a result, the heart pumps with lower pressure while the head is lowered. This buffers the high head pressure that gravity would otherwise cause. Problem II: When they raise their head up immediately after drinking, blood pressure drops sharply to the brain. A sudden drop could starve the brain of oxygen, causing fainting. This is similar to but much more extreme than the dizziness some people feel when standing up quickly. Solution: When the giraffe raises its head, that stored blood rushes back to the heart quickly. The heart responds with a strong, high-pressure beat that immediately pushes blood back up to the brain, preventing a dangerous drop in cerebral pressure. Impressive right?!show more

In aeronautics, a spoiler (sometimes called a lift spoiler)... is a device which intentionally reduces the lift component of an airfoil in a controlled way. Most often, spoilers are plates on the top surface of a wing that can be extended upward into the airflow to spoil the streamline flow. By so doing, the spoiler creates a controlled stall over the portion of the wing behind it, greatly reducing the lift of that wing section. Spoilers differ from airbrakes in that airbrakes are designed to increase drag without disrupting the lift distribution across the wing span, while spoilers disrupt the lift distribution as well as increasing drag.show more

That’s insane! 🤯 A student built an acoustic levitation... divide with an Arduino board. He built it using an Arduino Nano, a motor driver, and 60 ultrasonic transducers that can levitate low-density objects in place indefinitely. The transducers send out 40 kHz waves that create standing waves. The interference pattern produces nulls that trap objects. High-pressure areas form below and above the object, locking it in the low-pressure area between them. The transducers produce two sound waves moving in opposing directions at the same frequency and amplitude. The effect is that the low-pressure areas don't appear to move, like whipping a rope from both ends and having the wave meet in the middle. Sound waves are oscillating at high and low pressures. By creating a sound wave that doesn't move forward (a standing wave), you create areas of constant pressure. 🔉 Objects get trapped in the null points between high-pressure zones. The craziest part is that this was made more than 7 years ago! DIY levitation 😮‍💨 Reddit link: ~~ ♻️ Join the weekly robotics newsletter, and never miss any news →show more

Horizontal ejections of grey-colored debris appear in videos of... the Twin Towers collapses as lateral jets from multiple floors. Official accounts claim these result from air pressure generated by descending sections compressing air and blowing out windows. This explanation cannot hold because the ejections often emerge from levels lower than nearby free-falling debris originating higher in the structure. If progressive collapse advanced solely by gravity-driven impacts, the front of destruction could not precede free-falling material released from above, yet observations show ejections positioned below such debris. This implies the collapse wave descended faster than free-fall permits for loose objects. The grey debris comprises dense pulverized concrete ejected at velocities and distances inconsistent with limited pressure differentials from intact floor air volumes. Air pressure alone would disperse fine dust diffusely rather than propel coherent solid fragments horizontally over tens of meters. Energy calculations based on floor cavity volumes and realistic pressure rises fall short of the kinetic energy required for observed masses and trajectories. These physical mismatches eliminate air pressure from progressive collapse as a viable cause for the horizontal jettisons.show more

This system is called the “Canadian well.” The essence... is very simple: at a depth of 2-3 meters, the earth always holds a stable temperature of about +10... +15°C. In the winter, the cold air from the street goes through an underground pipe and heats up before entering the house. ☀️ In the summer, the hot air is cooled down in the same pipe. That is, the earth functions as both a natural conditioner and a heater. It does not replace heating or air conditioning completely, but it greatly reduces costs and makes the air in the house more comfortable 👍show more

Bryson DeChambeau hasn’t played since the Ryder Cup and... he won’t be again until LIV Golf Riyadh in February. He says he’s been speed training through the off season though and has a target of reaching a comfortable 200mph ball speed. He’s also been playing table tennis with America’s number 1, Kanak Jha. Speaking to Tom Hobbs from Flushing It Golf, Bryson said: “I’m not playing until Riyadh. I’m going to be going in hot though. I’m sneaky working on my game really hard. “I'm going to start ramping up my speed again. I ramped up my speed in November, got it to where I was pumping over 190 quite efficiently with some slow golf balls and stuff. I got to 200 quite a bit. “I haven’t done much recently though. I was playing some ping pong actually the past couple of days with the number one USA player, Kanak Jha. He's so much fun. Ping Pong is my favourite sport, so I got to learn a little bit from the best in the U.S. He’s twenty first in the world. So nobody's really gotten that high from the U.S. which is sweet. “But I'll get back to speed training right after Christmas and going into the new season, I want to be close to 200. So that's my goal. I’ll just get to a place where I’m super comfortable swinging fast.” The last time Bryson went after speed he gained an enormous amount of mass. He’s come back down through the weights though over the last few seasons and is much healthier for it. But, if Force = Mass x Acceleration, will he look to add more mass again and what’s more important, increasing acceleration or gaining mass? “They're both very important. If you don't have any mass, you can't accelerate it. It's a symbiotic relationship. It's actually more like F equals M V squared, that’s more of the velocity side of it. “You can accelerate too, but what I would say is the most important thing is it's not necessarily the mass or the acceleration, it’s the ability to put pressure onto the club. So you're able to apply pressure and control that through your grip strengths around a circle, that's probably the more important piece. Applying controlled pressure to the golf club like grip pressure. “It's not that you just accelerate the club, because you have to learn how to control the face through that motion as well. So it's all, you know, you can say it's acceleration, but it's a lot of grip pressure stuff. The more you control the grip pressure and how you're moving that grip, I would say that’s more the answer to your question. “And I guess at a certain point there’s dimishning return with, you know, going up in the mass and even down in the mass. There is a sweet spot for swinging a golf club. If you get a speedstick, there's just not enough mass behind it to create the smash factor necessary, and vice versa if it is too heavy, you can’t swing it that fast. “I'll always say swinging and accelerating the club is probably the most important, but the real answer is applying the most pressure to the golf club. The grip pressure. You’re not gripping it tighter, but your hand force into it pulling it and then throwing it around the corner.” Continues in comments thread below. Bryson DeChambeau Crushers GC LIV Golfshow more

d’Alembert’s Paradox: ν → 0 Is Not ν =... 0 In 1752, Jean-le-Rond d’Alembert proved a result that still trips people up: An inviscid, incompressible, steady flow exerts zero drag on a body. No wake. No resistance. The equations let the fluid slip past as if the object weren’t there. The first animation shows exactly that world. The flow is ideal Euler flow. Streamlines bend around the body, accelerate, slow down, then recombine perfectly downstream. Nothing is left behind. The motion you see comes from pathlines moving through a steady velocity field, not from any evolving structure in the flow itself. The setup is the ideal fluid model: Euler (ν = 0) ρ(∂u/∂t + (u·∇)u) = −∇p ∇·u = 0 Assume steady flow and zero viscosity and the picture locks in. If the flow is also irrotational, ∇×u = 0, you can write u = ∇φ and the problem collapses to potential flow: ∇²φ = 0 u = ∇φ The force on the body comes entirely from pressure: F = −∮ p n dS D = F·eₓ Under these assumptions the pressure field is perfectly front–back symmetric, so the integral gives D = 0 That’s the paradox. Not a small correction. Zero. Now look at the second animation. This is the same geometry and the same inflow, but with viscosity turned on, even if it’s only a small amount. Navier–Stokes (ν > 0) ρ(∂u/∂t + (u·∇)u) = −∇p + μ∇²u ∇·u = 0 That extra term changes everything. A thin boundary layer forms near the surface. Separation becomes possible. Vorticity is generated and shed. A wake appears. Drag is no longer optional. The contrast is the point. Letting viscosity go to zero is not the same thing as setting it to zero. The inviscid limit deletes the mechanism that breaks time-reversal symmetry and allows energy dissipation. Once that mechanism is gone, wakes can’t exist, and drag vanishes by construction. #FluidDynamics #NavierStokes #EulerEquations #DAlembertParadox #BoundaryLayer #Physicsshow more

Claims are circulating that Iran is under extreme internal... pressure and signaling urgency around the Strait of Hormuz, but situations like this are always fluid and heavily disputed in real time. What is clear: sanctions and blockades are tightening the squeeze. That creates leverage. But talk of “collapse” should be taken carefully until fully confirmed. This is a high-stakes moment.show more