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See Spot perform dynamic whole-body manipulation. Using a combination of reinforcement learning (RL) and sampling-based control, the robot is able to autonomously drag, roll, and stack tires weighing 15 kg (33 lb), well above its maximum arm lift capacity. Learn more about coordinating locomotion and manipulation processes:

RAI Institute

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87,525 次观看 • 9 个月前 •via X (Twitter)

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Chinese humanoid robotics company LimX Dynamics has unveiled COSA (Cognitive Operating System of Agents). COSA is described as a unified "brain-body" architecture that allows the robot to think and act simultaneously in the real world. It integrates: - high-level cognition (reasoning, planning, adaptation) - and whole-body motion control (low-latency dynamic locomotion, manipulation) It enables the Oli robot to act on natural language instructions and perform tasks that involve both walking and manipulation while being adaptive to interruptions.

Chinese humanoid robotics company LimX Dynamics has unveiled COSA (Cognitive Operating System of Agents). COSA is described as a unified "brain-body" architecture that allows the robot to think and act simultaneously in the real world. It integrates: - high-level cognition (reasoning, planning, adaptation) - and whole-body motion control (low-latency dynamic locomotion, manipulation) It enables the Oli robot to act on natural language instructions and perform tasks that involve both walking and manipulation while being adaptive to interruptions.

The Humanoid Hub

71,168 次观看 • 6 个月前

Noble Machines' Moby robot hauling a 50 lb crate. The whole-body control (WBC) is the physical foundation of the learning stack. It absorbs payload variation, contact response, and center-of-mass shifts in real time at the control layer and enabled cleaner data-focused learning

Noble Machines' Moby robot hauling a 50 lb crate. The whole-body control (WBC) is the physical foundation of the learning stack. It absorbs payload variation, contact response, and center-of-mass shifts in real time at the control layer and enabled cleaner data-focused learning

The Humanoid Hub

17,482 次观看 • 2 个月前

Researchers from RAI Institute present Diffuse-CLoC, a new control policy that fuses kinematic motion diffusion models with physics-based control to produce motions that are both physically realistic and precisely controllable. This breakthrough moves us closer to developing generalist policies that enable humanoid robots to perform diverse tasks, including dynamic locomotion and contact-rich manipulation, in a natural-looking and robust way. Learn more at

Researchers from RAI Institute present Diffuse-CLoC, a new control policy that fuses kinematic motion diffusion models with physics-based control to produce motions that are both physically realistic and precisely controllable. This breakthrough moves us closer to developing generalist policies that enable humanoid robots to perform diverse tasks, including dynamic locomotion and contact-rich manipulation, in a natural-looking and robust way. Learn more at

RAI Institute

13,536 次观看 • 11 个月前

Israel-based Mentee Robotics has demonstrated a logistics workflow: two MenteeBot V3 humanoids work autonomously to pick and place totes. A Modular Agent System is preferred because it favors real-world robustness and lower compute needs over the End-to-End VLA model. Its architecture is composed of three components: - LLM Planner: Converts instructions into executable Robotic API Language code for reliable task decomposition and error handling. - Perception Stack: Uses pre-trained models (NeRF/3DGS, distilled vision) for scene understanding and navigation. - Control Policies: Reinforcement Learning (RL) models, trained at scale via Sim2Real, generate motor commands, enabling high-accuracy mobile manipulation. Crucially, the robot learns new tasks from a single demonstration in hours. Object tracking uses 3D geometry (STL/URDF) tracked in the video to define the RL reward function. Training is optimized using 'Automatic Curriculum Learning', which autonomously adjusts task difficulty based on robot performance, eliminating manual engineering. All computation runs onboard.

Israel-based Mentee Robotics has demonstrated a logistics workflow: two MenteeBot V3 humanoids work autonomously to pick and place totes. A Modular Agent System is preferred because it favors real-world robustness and lower compute needs over the End-to-End VLA model. Its architecture is composed of three components: - LLM Planner: Converts instructions into executable Robotic API Language code for reliable task decomposition and error handling. - Perception Stack: Uses pre-trained models (NeRF/3DGS, distilled vision) for scene understanding and navigation. - Control Policies: Reinforcement Learning (RL) models, trained at scale via Sim2Real, generate motor commands, enabling high-accuracy mobile manipulation. Crucially, the robot learns new tasks from a single demonstration in hours. Object tracking uses 3D geometry (STL/URDF) tracked in the video to define the RL reward function. Training is optimized using 'Automatic Curriculum Learning', which autonomously adjusts task difficulty based on robot performance, eliminating manual engineering. All computation runs onboard.

The Humanoid Hub

15,729 次观看 • 8 个月前

Humanoid robots playing table tennis fully autonomously. The 'HITTER' system combines a model-based planner with a reinforcement learning (RL) whole-body controller. It is fully autonomous but relies on an external sensing system. A 9-camera OptiTrack motion capture setup tracks the ball, which is covered with reflective markers, to predict its precise trajectory and compute the optimal strike position, velocity, and timing. The RL controller then executes coordinated arm, leg, and waist movements, producing agile, human-like returns.

Humanoid robots playing table tennis fully autonomously. The 'HITTER' system combines a model-based planner with a reinforcement learning (RL) whole-body controller. It is fully autonomous but relies on an external sensing system. A 9-camera OptiTrack motion capture setup tracks the ball, which is covered with reflective markers, to predict its precise trajectory and compute the optimal strike position, velocity, and timing. The RL controller then executes coordinated arm, leg, and waist movements, producing agile, human-like returns.

The Humanoid Hub

91,896 次观看 • 11 个月前

X-Humanoid just dropped TG-VLA — the first full-size, whole-body VLA framework for humanoids. 🤖 Most VLA demos today still look arm-centric: see, plan, reach, grasp. The legs are mostly there to carry the arms. TG-VLA pushes action into the whole body: → HEX: task context & cross-embodiment learning → HAF-VLA: high-DoF motion → structured action flows → DSRL-DCT: online RL through a compressed latent space The real shift isn't a smarter hand — it's locomotion, torso control, balance, and manipulation inside one control loop. That's the move: from mobile dual-arm machines to full-body agents.

X-Humanoid just dropped TG-VLA — the first full-size, whole-body VLA framework for humanoids. 🤖 Most VLA demos today still look arm-centric: see, plan, reach, grasp. The legs are mostly there to carry the arms. TG-VLA pushes action into the whole body: → HEX: task context & cross-embodiment learning → HAF-VLA: high-DoF motion → structured action flows → DSRL-DCT: online RL through a compressed latent space The real shift isn't a smarter hand — it's locomotion, torso control, balance, and manipulation inside one control loop. That's the move: from mobile dual-arm machines to full-body agents.

RoboHub🤖

41,598 次观看 • 1 个月前

Just collecting manipulation data isn’t enough for robots - they need to be able to move around in the world, which has a whole different set of challenges from pure manipulation. And bringing navigation and manipulation together in a single framework is even more challenging. Enter HERMES, from Zhecheng Yuan and Tianming Wei. This is a four-stage process in which human videos are used to set up an RL sim-to-real training pipeline in order to overcome differences between robot and human kinematics, and used together with a navigation foundation model to move around in a variety of environments. To learn more, join us as Zhecheng Yuan and Tianming Wei tell us about how they built their system to perform mobile dexterous manipulation from human videos in a variety of environments. Watch Episode #45 of RoboPapers today, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton!

Just collecting manipulation data isn’t enough for robots - they need to be able to move around in the world, which has a whole different set of challenges from pure manipulation. And bringing navigation and manipulation together in a single framework is even more challenging. Enter HERMES, from Zhecheng Yuan and Tianming Wei. This is a four-stage process in which human videos are used to set up an RL sim-to-real training pipeline in order to overcome differences between robot and human kinematics, and used together with a navigation foundation model to move around in a variety of environments. To learn more, join us as Zhecheng Yuan and Tianming Wei tell us about how they built their system to perform mobile dexterous manipulation from human videos in a variety of environments. Watch Episode #45 of RoboPapers today, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton!

RoboPapers

15,092 次观看 • 8 个月前

A new humanoid robot has been released. EstunCodroid, based in Nanjing, has unveiled its second-generation humanoid robot, Codroid2. Standing 170 cm tall and weighing 70 kg, Codroid2 features a payload capacity of 5 kg per arm and a total of 31 degrees of freedom. Powered by the VLA large language model, it supports multi-robot collaboration and is designed for applications in industrial manufacturing. It can perform physically demanding tasks such as component picking and material handling, as well as precision operations like screw fastening and quality inspection patrols, helping to reduce the burden on human workers. It is worth mentioning that EstunCodroid’s parent company, Estun, is a world-renowned industrial collaborative robot service provider.

A new humanoid robot has been released. EstunCodroid, based in Nanjing, has unveiled its second-generation humanoid robot, Codroid2. Standing 170 cm tall and weighing 70 kg, Codroid2 features a payload capacity of 5 kg per arm and a total of 31 degrees of freedom. Powered by the VLA large language model, it supports multi-robot collaboration and is designed for applications in industrial manufacturing. It can perform physically demanding tasks such as component picking and material handling, as well as precision operations like screw fastening and quality inspection patrols, helping to reduce the burden on human workers. It is worth mentioning that EstunCodroid’s parent company, Estun, is a world-renowned industrial collaborative robot service provider.

CyberRobo

30,114 次观看 • 1 年前

This is Clone Robotics realistic humanoid robotic arm, designed to closely mimic the movement and anatomy of a human arm. It is powered by electricity and a water-based hydraulic system using a compact pump about the size of a human heart. Despite weighing only 1 kilogram, the robotic arm can lift a 7-kilogram dumbbell.

This is Clone Robotics realistic humanoid robotic arm, designed to closely mimic the movement and anatomy of a human arm. It is powered by electricity and a water-based hydraulic system using a compact pump about the size of a human heart. Despite weighing only 1 kilogram, the robotic arm can lift a 7-kilogram dumbbell.

Space and Technology

58,940 次观看 • 1 个月前

I have been cleaning my daughter's mess for more than two years now. Last weekend our robot came to home to do the job for me. 🤖 Our new work on visual whole-body control learns a policy to coordinate the robot legs and arms for mobile manipulation. See how the legs bend on grasping objects on the ground based on visual inputs autonomously. (It is NOT teleoperation!) We again adopt a Sim2Real approach and our policy generalizes to beaches, forests, and streets in San Diego. 👇🧵

I have been cleaning my daughter's mess for more than two years now. Last weekend our robot came to home to do the job for me. 🤖 Our new work on visual whole-body control learns a policy to coordinate the robot legs and arms for mobile manipulation. See how the legs bend on grasping objects on the ground based on visual inputs autonomously. (It is NOT teleoperation!) We again adopt a Sim2Real approach and our policy generalizes to beaches, forests, and streets in San Diego. 👇🧵

Xiaolong Wang

159,222 次观看 • 2 年前

Sports like tennis are great examples of the sort of dynamic whole-body interaction that’s possible with humanoid robots. But capturing examples of fast, dynamic interactions from humans is really difficult. Enter LATENT, which uses lower-quality human data plus reinforcement learning to teach a robot to play tennis, able to complete back-and-forth volleys at a human level. LATENT has three steps: (1) collecting imperfect human data like a backswing, (2) using these to learn a latent action space, and (3) they train a high-level policy in simulation which can compose these actions and execute tennis skills on a robot. Haofei Lu and Yunrui Lian join us to tell us about their method. Watch Episode #80 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, now to learn more!

Sports like tennis are great examples of the sort of dynamic whole-body interaction that’s possible with humanoid robots. But capturing examples of fast, dynamic interactions from humans is really difficult. Enter LATENT, which uses lower-quality human data plus reinforcement learning to teach a robot to play tennis, able to complete back-and-forth volleys at a human level. LATENT has three steps: (1) collecting imperfect human data like a backswing, (2) using these to learn a latent action space, and (3) they train a high-level policy in simulation which can compose these actions and execute tennis skills on a robot. Haofei Lu and Yunrui Lian join us to tell us about their method. Watch Episode #80 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, now to learn more!

RoboPapers

29,975 次观看 • 2 个月前

Teaching robots to perform dexterous manipulation tasks currently requires teleoperation, which limits demonstration quality, speed, and scalability. Instead, why not use human videos? The problem is that a human hand isn’t a robot hand, so data must be retargeted using simulation to resolve issues like collisions and interpenetration when controlling the hand. In VideoManip, Hongyi Chen and co-authors built a system to solve this problem, taking in RGB videos of humans performing manipulation tasks and using them to create accurate simulations with which to learn robot policies. Watch episode #73 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, now to learn more!

Teaching robots to perform dexterous manipulation tasks currently requires teleoperation, which limits demonstration quality, speed, and scalability. Instead, why not use human videos? The problem is that a human hand isn’t a robot hand, so data must be retargeted using simulation to resolve issues like collisions and interpenetration when controlling the hand. In VideoManip, Hongyi Chen and co-authors built a system to solve this problem, taking in RGB videos of humans performing manipulation tasks and using them to create accurate simulations with which to learn robot policies. Watch episode #73 of RoboPapers, hosted by Michael Cho - Rbt/Acc and Chris Paxton, now to learn more!

RoboPapers

27,344 次观看 • 3 个月前

A big part of scaling robot learning to solve real-world problems is that we somehow need to get enough diverse, high-quality data to train our robots to perform useful things. GPT and its fellow large language models were bootstrapped and proved out on a massive dataset of real-world language data. Unfortunately, despite our best efforts, similarly massive datasets don’t really exist for robotics — so, in our unending pursuit of high-quality, useful data, we turn to simulation. I compared a couple recent works on sim-to-real robot manipulation, which discuss how to train perception-driven manipulation policies in simulation, in such a way that they’re useful in the real world. - DextraH-RGB, from NVIDIA - Sim-and-Real Co-Training: A Simple Recipe for Vision-Based Robotic Manipulation, also from NVIDIA — specifically the GEAR lab - Sim-to-Real Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Based Dexterous Manipulation on Humanoids, another GEAR lab paper - Local Policies Enable Zero-shot Long-Horizon Manipulation, from CMU (video from DextrAH-RGB)

A big part of scaling robot learning to solve real-world problems is that we somehow need to get enough diverse, high-quality data to train our robots to perform useful things. GPT and its fellow large language models were bootstrapped and proved out on a massive dataset of real-world language data. Unfortunately, despite our best efforts, similarly massive datasets don’t really exist for robotics — so, in our unending pursuit of high-quality, useful data, we turn to simulation. I compared a couple recent works on sim-to-real robot manipulation, which discuss how to train perception-driven manipulation policies in simulation, in such a way that they’re useful in the real world. - DextraH-RGB, from NVIDIA - Sim-and-Real Co-Training: A Simple Recipe for Vision-Based Robotic Manipulation, also from NVIDIA — specifically the GEAR lab - Sim-to-Real Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Based Dexterous Manipulation on Humanoids, another GEAR lab paper - Local Policies Enable Zero-shot Long-Horizon Manipulation, from CMU (video from DextrAH-RGB)

Chris Paxton

20,486 次观看 • 1 年前

Robot policies must be both reliable and highly capable to be useful; the best way to achieve this level of performance is with reinforcement learning. However, for reinforcement learning you are usually stuck between two difficult options: reinforcement in the real world is often risky and expensive, while reinforcement learning in a traditional simulator takes a lot of engineering work and has a persistent sim-to-real gap. What if instead you could train your robot purely in a world model? RISE by Jiazhi Yang et al. uses a compositional world model to predict the future and evaluate progress. This allows for a self-improving pipeline, which learns a world model from real data and then learns how the robot should perform different tasks. This pipeline results in a data-driven way to improve policy performance from real data but without real-world reinforcement learning. Watch Episode #86 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

Robot policies must be both reliable and highly capable to be useful; the best way to achieve this level of performance is with reinforcement learning. However, for reinforcement learning you are usually stuck between two difficult options: reinforcement in the real world is often risky and expensive, while reinforcement learning in a traditional simulator takes a lot of engineering work and has a persistent sim-to-real gap. What if instead you could train your robot purely in a world model? RISE by Jiazhi Yang et al. uses a compositional world model to predict the future and evaluate progress. This allows for a self-improving pipeline, which learns a world model from real data and then learns how the robot should perform different tasks. This pipeline results in a data-driven way to improve policy performance from real data but without real-world reinforcement learning. Watch Episode #86 of RoboPapers, with Chris Paxton and Jiafei Duan, to learn more!

RoboPapers

38,334 次观看 • 1 个月前

A vibrant & independent civil society is essential to a healthy society. But the Kremlin weaponizes "civil society" and pseudo-academics to spread its propaganda in the West. Learn more about #Russia's use of #disinformation & information manipulation:

A vibrant & independent civil society is essential to a healthy society. But the Kremlin weaponizes "civil society" and pseudo-academics to spread its propaganda in the West. Learn more about #Russia's use of #disinformation & information manipulation:

Foreign Policy CAN

12,277 次观看 • 2 年前

Today, we're joined by Nikita Rudin, co-founder and CEO of Flexion to discuss the gap between current robotic capabilities and what’s required to deploy fully autonomous robots in the real world. Nikita explains how reinforcement learning and simulation have driven rapid progress in robot locomotion—and why locomotion is still far from “solved.” We dig into the sim2real gap, and how adding visual inputs introduces noise and significantly complicates sim-to-real transfer. We also explore the debate between end-to-end models and modular approaches, and why separating locomotion, planning, and semantics remains a pragmatic approach today. Nikita also introduces the concept of "real-to-sim", which uses real-world data to refine simulation parameters for higher fidelity training, discusses how reinforcement learning, imitation learning, and teleoperation data are combined to train robust policies for both quadruped and humanoid robots, and introduces Flexion's hierarchical approach that utilizes pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for high-level task orchestration with Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models and low-level whole-body trackers. Finally, Nikita shares the behind-the-scenes in humanoid robot demos, his take on reinforcement learning in simulation versus the real world, the nuances of reward tuning, and offers practical advice for researchers and practitioners looking to get started in robotics today. 🗒️ For the full list of resources for this episode, visit the show notes page: 📖 CHAPTERS =============================== 00:00 - Introduction 04:07 - Is robot locomotion solved? 06:04 - Sim-to-real gap 08:58 - Adding semantics to policies 09:42 - Modular vs end-to-end architectures 10:29 - Planner model 12:21 - Adapting RL techniques from quadrupeds to humanoids 15:39 - Behind robot demos 18:09 - Humanoid robots in home environments 22:03 - Training approach 23:56 - VLA models 27:59 - Closing the sim-to-real gap 32:55 - Task orchestration using VLMs 36:38 - Tool use 38:10 - Model hierarchy 43:37 - Simulator versus simulation environment 44:57 - Combining imitation learning and reinforcement learning 46:42 - RL in real world versus RL in simulation 52:58 - Reward tuning and value functions in robotics 56:38 - Predictions 1:00:10 - Humanoids, quadropeds, and wheeled platforms 1:02:45 - Advice, recommended robot kits, and community pla

Today, we're joined by Nikita Rudin, co-founder and CEO of Flexion to discuss the gap between current robotic capabilities and what’s required to deploy fully autonomous robots in the real world. Nikita explains how reinforcement learning and simulation have driven rapid progress in robot locomotion—and why locomotion is still far from “solved.” We dig into the sim2real gap, and how adding visual inputs introduces noise and significantly complicates sim-to-real transfer. We also explore the debate between end-to-end models and modular approaches, and why separating locomotion, planning, and semantics remains a pragmatic approach today. Nikita also introduces the concept of "real-to-sim", which uses real-world data to refine simulation parameters for higher fidelity training, discusses how reinforcement learning, imitation learning, and teleoperation data are combined to train robust policies for both quadruped and humanoid robots, and introduces Flexion's hierarchical approach that utilizes pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for high-level task orchestration with Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models and low-level whole-body trackers. Finally, Nikita shares the behind-the-scenes in humanoid robot demos, his take on reinforcement learning in simulation versus the real world, the nuances of reward tuning, and offers practical advice for researchers and practitioners looking to get started in robotics today. 🗒️ For the full list of resources for this episode, visit the show notes page: 📖 CHAPTERS =============================== 00:00 - Introduction 04:07 - Is robot locomotion solved? 06:04 - Sim-to-real gap 08:58 - Adding semantics to policies 09:42 - Modular vs end-to-end architectures 10:29 - Planner model 12:21 - Adapting RL techniques from quadrupeds to humanoids 15:39 - Behind robot demos 18:09 - Humanoid robots in home environments 22:03 - Training approach 23:56 - VLA models 27:59 - Closing the sim-to-real gap 32:55 - Task orchestration using VLMs 36:38 - Tool use 38:10 - Model hierarchy 43:37 - Simulator versus simulation environment 44:57 - Combining imitation learning and reinforcement learning 46:42 - RL in real world versus RL in simulation 52:58 - Reward tuning and value functions in robotics 56:38 - Predictions 1:00:10 - Humanoids, quadropeds, and wheeled platforms 1:02:45 - Advice, recommended robot kits, and community pla

The TWIML AI Podcast

22,592 次观看 • 6 个月前

🌱 How do you control a robot whose body is constantly growing, buckling, and reshaping? 📷 Put 19 cameras on it. Meet PanoVine, the first autonomous vine robot system. We distribute 19 cameras along a 6 meters, 7-DoF soft growing vine robot, giving it whole-body visual feedback of both itself and its surroundings. Using these observations, we train an end-to-end visuomotor policy that autonomously navigates branches, slopes, gaps, turns, and obstacles. 🔗

🌱 How do you control a robot whose body is constantly growing, buckling, and reshaping? 📷 Put 19 cameras on it. Meet PanoVine, the first autonomous vine robot system. We distribute 19 cameras along a 6 meters, 7-DoF soft growing vine robot, giving it whole-body visual feedback of both itself and its surroundings. Using these observations, we train an end-to-end visuomotor policy that autonomously navigates branches, slopes, gaps, turns, and obstacles. 🔗

Xiaomeng Xu

17,691 次观看 • 1 个月前

Okay, this is genuinely impressive. 🤯 Oli just worked through a roomful of household chores — no teleop, no cuts, one continuous take. The brain is LimX COSA 0.5, a three-layer stack coordinating reasoning (Sys 2), skill execution (Sys 1), and motion control (Sys 0), along with memory, task scheduling, and whole-body coordination. What matters isn’t one polished demo trick. It’s that the robot stayed coherent across an entire long-horizon mobile manipulation sequence — on real hardware, in one take.

Okay, this is genuinely impressive. 🤯 Oli just worked through a roomful of household chores — no teleop, no cuts, one continuous take. The brain is LimX COSA 0.5, a three-layer stack coordinating reasoning (Sys 2), skill execution (Sys 1), and motion control (Sys 0), along with memory, task scheduling, and whole-body coordination. What matters isn’t one polished demo trick. It’s that the robot stayed coherent across an entire long-horizon mobile manipulation sequence — on real hardware, in one take.

RoboHub🤖

33,242 次观看 • 16 天前

Quadrupeds are fast. Agile. Great at locomotion. But can they manipulate? A new approach from Carnegie Mellon University, Google DeepMind, and Bosch is teaching quadrupedal robots to do more than walk, they’re learning to interact. It’s called Human2LocoMan: a system that uses human data to pretrain robot policies before finetuning on real hardware. The result? A four-legged robot that can walk, carry, organize, scoop, and sort with both single and dual-arm control. By pretraining on human motion, they cut the amount of robot data in half—while improving success rates by over 80% in unfamiliar environments. Their Modularized Cross-Embodiment Transformer (MXT) learns from both human and robot demonstrations, then generalizes those skills to physical tasks—no hardcoded behaviors required. It’s locomotion and manipulation. A quadruped that can walk and clean up after itself?

Quadrupeds are fast. Agile. Great at locomotion. But can they manipulate? A new approach from Carnegie Mellon University, Google DeepMind, and Bosch is teaching quadrupedal robots to do more than walk, they’re learning to interact. It’s called Human2LocoMan: a system that uses human data to pretrain robot policies before finetuning on real hardware. The result? A four-legged robot that can walk, carry, organize, scoop, and sort with both single and dual-arm control. By pretraining on human motion, they cut the amount of robot data in half—while improving success rates by over 80% in unfamiliar environments. Their Modularized Cross-Embodiment Transformer (MXT) learns from both human and robot demonstrations, then generalizes those skills to physical tasks—no hardcoded behaviors required. It’s locomotion and manipulation. A quadruped that can walk and clean up after itself?

Lukas Ziegler

60,546 次观看 • 1 年前