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Can a sufficiently powerful quantum computer forge the signatures used to authorize Bitcoin and Ethereum transactions? What would it take to upgrade both networks before that happens? In this new lecture, Stanford cryptographer Dan Boneh explores why blockchains may turn to signatures built from hash functions. He also presents...

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a16z crypto

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The quantum-mitigation question on every cryptographer's mind: to use hash-based or Lattice-based signatures in Bitcoin? Hash-based signature schemes—e.g. SHRINCs/SHRIMPS by Blockstream's Jonas Nick—have been called "the conservative choice" by Adam Back while Dan Boneh makes a push for lattice-based signatures. "Hash-based signatures are combinatorial in nature—and that limits a lot of the clever things we can do with them...for example, threshold signatures."
1:43

The quantum-mitigation question on every cryptographer's mind: to use hash-based or Lattice-based signatures in Bitcoin? Hash-based signature schemes—e.g. SHRINCs/SHRIMPS by Blockstream's Jonas Nick—have been called "the conservative choice" by Adam Back while Dan Boneh makes a push for lattice-based signatures. "Hash-based signatures are combinatorial in nature—and that limits a lot of the clever things we can do with them...for example, threshold signatures."

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

14,524 views • 3 months ago

Hash-based signatures for Bitcoin's post-quantum future? with Jonas Nick | SLP713 Bitcoin researcher Blockstream and bitcoin/secp256k1 contributor, Jonas Nick joins me to discuss how quantum computing could impact Bitcoin’s security. We explore post-quantum cryptography, hash-based signatures, impact on hardware wallets, the controversial block size trade-offs and more. (00:00) - Intro (01:49) - How real is quantum risk to Bitcoin? (04:39) - When could quantum pose a threat to Bitcoin’s cryptography? (09:56) - Long range vs Short range attacks (12:37) - How many coins are vulnerable to Long range attacks? (14:12) - Different types of cryptography and exploring Hash-based signature schemes (17:00) - Categories of Hash-based signature scheme and their pros & cons (23:42) - How do Hash-based signatures work? (32:14) - Would Lightning, Multi-sig, Taproot, Silent Payments, Atomic swaps work in a post-quantum world? (38:50) - What are Adaptor signatures & how do they affect atomic swapping? (41:27) - Will we need new Bitcoin hardware wallets?; Signature production & verification (44:41) - Signature size and Bitcoin block capacity implications (46:52) - Should we revisit the block size conversation? (54:57) - Overview of SPHINCS+ & SHRINCS (59:49) - Transitioning to post-quantum signature schemes; Overview of BIP 360 (1:09:06) - Closing thoughts
1:12:29

Hash-based signatures for Bitcoin's post-quantum future? with Jonas Nick | SLP713 Bitcoin researcher Blockstream and bitcoin/secp256k1 contributor, Jonas Nick joins me to discuss how quantum computing could impact Bitcoin’s security. We explore post-quantum cryptography, hash-based signatures, impact on hardware wallets, the controversial block size trade-offs and more. (00:00) - Intro (01:49) - How real is quantum risk to Bitcoin? (04:39) - When could quantum pose a threat to Bitcoin’s cryptography? (09:56) - Long range vs Short range attacks (12:37) - How many coins are vulnerable to Long range attacks? (14:12) - Different types of cryptography and exploring Hash-based signature schemes (17:00) - Categories of Hash-based signature scheme and their pros & cons (23:42) - How do Hash-based signatures work? (32:14) - Would Lightning, Multi-sig, Taproot, Silent Payments, Atomic swaps work in a post-quantum world? (38:50) - What are Adaptor signatures & how do they affect atomic swapping? (41:27) - Will we need new Bitcoin hardware wallets?; Signature production & verification (44:41) - Signature size and Bitcoin block capacity implications (46:52) - Should we revisit the block size conversation? (54:57) - Overview of SPHINCS+ & SHRINCS (59:49) - Transitioning to post-quantum signature schemes; Overview of BIP 360 (1:09:06) - Closing thoughts

Stephan Livera

45,684 views • 7 months ago

BITCOIN RAILS #59: Post-Quantum Bitcoin Signatures (+ their tradeoffs) | with BIP 360 co-author Ethan ✨ is on BlueSky✨ Heilman 🐱 and Blockstream Head of Research Jonas Nick 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: According to BIP 360 co-author Ethan Heilman, Bitcoin needs a minimum of two soft forks to become quantum resistant: P2MR (or an output type that can safely execute PQ signatures) + a post-quantum checksig (signature scheme). Ethan and the BIP 360 team (including myself and Hunter Beast 🕯️) introduced the P2MR part via a BIP 360 update late last year—but the question remains, what’s the most appropriate PQ signature scheme for Bitcoin? They all have substantive tradeoffs, but hash-based signatures seem to be leading technical discourse—likely due to recent optimizations by Jonas Nick and the broader Blockstream research team. It was an honor to sit down with both of these men - arguably the two most influential and productive cryptographers in Bitcoin quantum mitigation right now - for an in-depth review of the leading PQ signature schemes and a temperature check on Bitcoin’s post-quantum planning process. TBH, if you want to skip the noise and jump straight to the signal on quantum, this is the interview to watch. In this episode, we discuss: - What needs to happen at the soft fork, infra, and mitigation levels to fully quantum-harden Bitcoin - Recent updates to BIP 360 + breakdown of the leading hash-based signatures schemes for Bitcoin (SHRINCS + SHRIMPS) - Why we may actually get consensus around a stateful scheme for Bitcoin - Comparisons of hash-based signatures vs Lattice and Isogeny-based schemes - Assessing the risks of both waiting too long and acting too fast (and why quantum is a better threat to be facing than a potential classical attack) This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by my NEW sponsors: - LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) - Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin Defi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity - BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Intro 02:18 Ethan’s Quantum Wakeup 05:18 How Blockstream Enters Post Quantum 09:25 BIP 360 Explained 12:11 How Bitcoin Transitions to PQ 17:35 Choosing Post Quantum Signatures 23:20 How Blockstream Created SHRINCS 27:22 Signature Budgets Importance Explained 41:13 What are SHRIMPS? 44:51 SHRIMPS vs SHRINCS 47:48 Why SLH-DSA Alone Won’t Cut It 49:24 Is a SHRIMPS + SHRINCS BIP Coming? 51:51 Blockstream’s Big Plans for Liquid 59:04 Quantum Readiness Roadmap 01:02:22 Importance of a PQ Recovery Plan 01:05:35 How Long Would a PQ Migration Take 01:11:17 Quantum Watchlist Recommendations
1:18:04

BITCOIN RAILS #59: Post-Quantum Bitcoin Signatures (+ their tradeoffs) | with BIP 360 co-author Ethan ✨ is on BlueSky✨ Heilman 🐱 and Blockstream Head of Research Jonas Nick 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: According to BIP 360 co-author Ethan Heilman, Bitcoin needs a minimum of two soft forks to become quantum resistant: P2MR (or an output type that can safely execute PQ signatures) + a post-quantum checksig (signature scheme). Ethan and the BIP 360 team (including myself and Hunter Beast 🕯️) introduced the P2MR part via a BIP 360 update late last year—but the question remains, what’s the most appropriate PQ signature scheme for Bitcoin? They all have substantive tradeoffs, but hash-based signatures seem to be leading technical discourse—likely due to recent optimizations by Jonas Nick and the broader Blockstream research team. It was an honor to sit down with both of these men - arguably the two most influential and productive cryptographers in Bitcoin quantum mitigation right now - for an in-depth review of the leading PQ signature schemes and a temperature check on Bitcoin’s post-quantum planning process. TBH, if you want to skip the noise and jump straight to the signal on quantum, this is the interview to watch. In this episode, we discuss: - What needs to happen at the soft fork, infra, and mitigation levels to fully quantum-harden Bitcoin - Recent updates to BIP 360 + breakdown of the leading hash-based signatures schemes for Bitcoin (SHRINCS + SHRIMPS) - Why we may actually get consensus around a stateful scheme for Bitcoin - Comparisons of hash-based signatures vs Lattice and Isogeny-based schemes - Assessing the risks of both waiting too long and acting too fast (and why quantum is a better threat to be facing than a potential classical attack) This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by my NEW sponsors: - LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) - Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin Defi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity - BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Intro 02:18 Ethan’s Quantum Wakeup 05:18 How Blockstream Enters Post Quantum 09:25 BIP 360 Explained 12:11 How Bitcoin Transitions to PQ 17:35 Choosing Post Quantum Signatures 23:20 How Blockstream Created SHRINCS 27:22 Signature Budgets Importance Explained 41:13 What are SHRIMPS? 44:51 SHRIMPS vs SHRINCS 47:48 Why SLH-DSA Alone Won’t Cut It 49:24 Is a SHRIMPS + SHRINCS BIP Coming? 51:51 Blockstream’s Big Plans for Liquid 59:04 Quantum Readiness Roadmap 01:02:22 Importance of a PQ Recovery Plan 01:05:35 How Long Would a PQ Migration Take 01:11:17 Quantum Watchlist Recommendations

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

23,783 views • 3 months ago

First Principles Ep. 6 with Ron Rivest Long before the internet became a place to bank, transact, or build blockchains, Turing Award winner Ron Rivest helped solve a foundational problem: how can strangers communicate securely without first meeting to exchange a secret? Rivest tells the story of inventing RSA with Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman, why digital signatures fascinated him even more than encryption, and how cryptographic hashes, government pressure, patents, and standards shaped the security infrastructure we rely on today. Rivest shares his unusually candid views on quantum computing, post-quantum security, and more. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Dan Boneh. 00:00 Intro: the two problems that could break modern cryptography 01:10 Why Ron Rivest’s work underpins the internet and blockchains 08:10 Before public-key cryptography, there was no theory of security 11:05 The open problem that led to RSA 13:55 The night Ron Rivest discovered the core idea behind RSA 17:55 Why digital signatures were the real breakthrough 19:14 The RSA challenge — and a prediction that was off by quadrillions of years 28:33 How government pressure shaped cryptographic standards 30:36 Designing the hash functions that made digital signatures practical 33:26 The Fiat–Shamir transformation, explained 38:04 Building a cryptography company before the web existed 42:31 Will quantum computers ever become powerful enough to break RSA? 48:02 The cryptography securing the internet, elections, and everyday life 50:11 What surprised Dan: Quantum giveth and quantum taketh away
54:44

First Principles Ep. 6 with Ron Rivest Long before the internet became a place to bank, transact, or build blockchains, Turing Award winner Ron Rivest helped solve a foundational problem: how can strangers communicate securely without first meeting to exchange a secret? Rivest tells the story of inventing RSA with Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman, why digital signatures fascinated him even more than encryption, and how cryptographic hashes, government pressure, patents, and standards shaped the security infrastructure we rely on today. Rivest shares his unusually candid views on quantum computing, post-quantum security, and more. Hosted by Tim Roughgarden with Dan Boneh. 00:00 Intro: the two problems that could break modern cryptography 01:10 Why Ron Rivest’s work underpins the internet and blockchains 08:10 Before public-key cryptography, there was no theory of security 11:05 The open problem that led to RSA 13:55 The night Ron Rivest discovered the core idea behind RSA 17:55 Why digital signatures were the real breakthrough 19:14 The RSA challenge — and a prediction that was off by quadrillions of years 28:33 How government pressure shaped cryptographic standards 30:36 Designing the hash functions that made digital signatures practical 33:26 The Fiat–Shamir transformation, explained 38:04 Building a cryptography company before the web existed 42:31 Will quantum computers ever become powerful enough to break RSA? 48:02 The cryptography securing the internet, elections, and everyday life 50:11 What surprised Dan: Quantum giveth and quantum taketh away

a16z crypto

62,339 views • 1 month ago

BITCOIN RAILS #69: ZERO-KNOWLEDGE PROOFS FOR POST-QUANTUM BITCOIN | with Benedikt Bünz 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: While many Bitcoiners remain hopeful the network will embrace zero-knowledge proofs for protocol-level use cases, practical adoption has remained limited outside of BitVM and a handful of experimental proposals. Most of the world’s ZKP research has circled around Ethereum and other ecosystems, where significant resources have been dedicated to advancing these systems, particularly for scaling and privacy applications. One of the most notable contributors to this research is Benedikt Bünz ☕️ — professor of cryptography at NYU and collaborator of Dan Boneh, who together inarguably form one of the strongest blockchain-applied cryptography teams in the world. The pair recently announced they’ll be leading the new post-quantum cryptography unit localhost research — the first dedicated PQ research effort within a major Bitcoin development organization. With Benedikt leading the charge on the use of zero-knowledge proofs for post-quantum mitigation, the question emerges: will the post-quantum transition be the catalyst to finally bring zero-knowledge proofs to Bitcoin's core protocol? In more detail, Benedikt and I discuss: - Why ZKPs haven’t been widely adopted by the Bitcoin technical community — and why the threat of quantum computers may change that posture going forward - How ZKPs could be used for signature batching to address larger post-quantum signatures in Bitcoin’s post-quantum era - Why Bitcoiners will likely prioritize hash-based signatures as an initial post-quantum scheme — rather than more efficient but less proven alternatives (e.g., lattice-based) - How ZKPs have evolved over the last decade and may finally be ready for Bitcoin’s strict requirements around trust assumptions - Why Benedikt and Dan are teaming up with localhost research to create the first post-quantum cryptography unit within a major Bitcoin development organization + what they hope to accomplish This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by: LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin DeFi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro 00:22 — Benedikt's background 04:10 — How Benedikt got into Bitcoin and cryptography 07:42 — First ZK project: proving exchange solvency after Mt. Gox 16:01 — ZK proofs explained 27:43 — How security gets popular & ZK proofs in Bitcoin 35:49 — Other applications of ZK proofs for Bitcoin 40:15 — Why ZK proofs haven't been adopted in Bitcoin 50:46 — Why the Bitcoin post-quantum transition needs ZK proofs 01:07:00 — Cryptographic agility and why lattices win 01:18:00 — The size problem and how SNARKs solve it 01:33:57 — Proving a Bitcoin block in a laptop in 1.5 seconds 01:37:12 — Bitcoin as the primary quantum target 01:40:47 — ZK proofs for seed phrase recovery
1:43:41

BITCOIN RAILS #69: ZERO-KNOWLEDGE PROOFS FOR POST-QUANTUM BITCOIN | with Benedikt Bünz 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: While many Bitcoiners remain hopeful the network will embrace zero-knowledge proofs for protocol-level use cases, practical adoption has remained limited outside of BitVM and a handful of experimental proposals. Most of the world’s ZKP research has circled around Ethereum and other ecosystems, where significant resources have been dedicated to advancing these systems, particularly for scaling and privacy applications. One of the most notable contributors to this research is Benedikt Bünz ☕️ — professor of cryptography at NYU and collaborator of Dan Boneh, who together inarguably form one of the strongest blockchain-applied cryptography teams in the world. The pair recently announced they’ll be leading the new post-quantum cryptography unit localhost research — the first dedicated PQ research effort within a major Bitcoin development organization. With Benedikt leading the charge on the use of zero-knowledge proofs for post-quantum mitigation, the question emerges: will the post-quantum transition be the catalyst to finally bring zero-knowledge proofs to Bitcoin's core protocol? In more detail, Benedikt and I discuss: - Why ZKPs haven’t been widely adopted by the Bitcoin technical community — and why the threat of quantum computers may change that posture going forward - How ZKPs could be used for signature batching to address larger post-quantum signatures in Bitcoin’s post-quantum era - Why Bitcoiners will likely prioritize hash-based signatures as an initial post-quantum scheme — rather than more efficient but less proven alternatives (e.g., lattice-based) - How ZKPs have evolved over the last decade and may finally be ready for Bitcoin’s strict requirements around trust assumptions - Why Benedikt and Dan are teaming up with localhost research to create the first post-quantum cryptography unit within a major Bitcoin development organization + what they hope to accomplish This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by: LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin DeFi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro 00:22 — Benedikt's background 04:10 — How Benedikt got into Bitcoin and cryptography 07:42 — First ZK project: proving exchange solvency after Mt. Gox 16:01 — ZK proofs explained 27:43 — How security gets popular & ZK proofs in Bitcoin 35:49 — Other applications of ZK proofs for Bitcoin 40:15 — Why ZK proofs haven't been adopted in Bitcoin 50:46 — Why the Bitcoin post-quantum transition needs ZK proofs 01:07:00 — Cryptographic agility and why lattices win 01:18:00 — The size problem and how SNARKs solve it 01:33:57 — Proving a Bitcoin block in a laptop in 1.5 seconds 01:37:12 — Bitcoin as the primary quantum target 01:40:47 — ZK proofs for seed phrase recovery

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

19,872 views • 1 month ago

BITCOIN RAILS #61: QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY FOR BITCOIN | with Dan Boneh Dan Boneh 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: One of the most prolific and influential cryptographers in the world, it’s difficult to fully quantify the impact that Dan Boneh has had on Bitcoin and digital assets more broadly. Through both his own research and his mentorship of some of the space’s most important contributors — e.g. Andrew Poelstra, Benedikt Bünz ☕️, and Robin Linus 🥖 — few people have done more to shape the cryptographic foundations underlying modern blockchains and digital finance. More recently, Dan co-authored Google's widely discussed paper, “Securing Elliptic Curve Cryptocurrencies against Quantum Vulnerabilities,” which reduced prior estimates of the resources required to run Shor’s algorithm against the elliptic-curve cryptography used by Bitcoin. The paper reignited debate around quantum computing timelines and the long-term security assumptions behind modern cryptocurrencies. In this episode of Bitcoin Rails, Dan and I discuss the current state of quantum computing, its potential implications for Bitcoin, and how he believes the Bitcoin community should think about preparing for a post-quantum future over the coming decade and beyond. And yes, Dan shares his take on the “when quantum” question in the interview, among other key perspectives. This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by my NEW sponsors: LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin Defi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro and Dan’s history with cryptography and Bitcoin 11:44 — Shor's algorithm: how a 1994 paper became cryptography's most important threat 16:39 — Building a quantum computer: superconducting qubits vs neutral atoms 25:37 — When should we start worrying about quantum computers? The timeline debate 31:51 — Have we already reached quantum computing's “ahá” moment? 39:09 — Inside the Google paper: how Shor's algorithm was optimized 49:57 — The Bitcoin mempool attack and the 10-minute window 59:21 — Mitigation: what should Bitcoin do to prepare for quantum? 1:11:54 — Hash-based vs lattice-based signatures: Dan's case for lattice 1:23:15 — ZK proofs, BIP361, and what to do with Satoshi's coins 1:31:52 — Encrypted mempools and MEV 1:38:29 — Why Bitcoin will survive quantum and Dan's message to Bitcoin builders
1:44:02

BITCOIN RAILS #61: QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY FOR BITCOIN | with Dan Boneh Dan Boneh 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: One of the most prolific and influential cryptographers in the world, it’s difficult to fully quantify the impact that Dan Boneh has had on Bitcoin and digital assets more broadly. Through both his own research and his mentorship of some of the space’s most important contributors — e.g. Andrew Poelstra, Benedikt Bünz ☕️, and Robin Linus 🥖 — few people have done more to shape the cryptographic foundations underlying modern blockchains and digital finance. More recently, Dan co-authored Google's widely discussed paper, “Securing Elliptic Curve Cryptocurrencies against Quantum Vulnerabilities,” which reduced prior estimates of the resources required to run Shor’s algorithm against the elliptic-curve cryptography used by Bitcoin. The paper reignited debate around quantum computing timelines and the long-term security assumptions behind modern cryptocurrencies. In this episode of Bitcoin Rails, Dan and I discuss the current state of quantum computing, its potential implications for Bitcoin, and how he believes the Bitcoin community should think about preparing for a post-quantum future over the coming decade and beyond. And yes, Dan shares his take on the “when quantum” question in the interview, among other key perspectives. This episode of Bitcoin Rails is brought to you by my NEW sponsors: LayerTwo Labs LayerTwo Labs — developing research, software, and technologies for scaling Bitcoin via the integration of Drivechains (BIP 300/301) Hashi on Sui — a primitive for executing Bitcoin Defi transactions, without having to trust a federated bridge or other centralized entity BitBox BitBox — an open-source Bitcoin-only hardware wallet, with smooth UX and no compromises on security. Check out Bitbox [dot] swiss and use code BITCOINRAILS to get a discount TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro and Dan’s history with cryptography and Bitcoin 11:44 — Shor's algorithm: how a 1994 paper became cryptography's most important threat 16:39 — Building a quantum computer: superconducting qubits vs neutral atoms 25:37 — When should we start worrying about quantum computers? The timeline debate 31:51 — Have we already reached quantum computing's “ahá” moment? 39:09 — Inside the Google paper: how Shor's algorithm was optimized 49:57 — The Bitcoin mempool attack and the 10-minute window 59:21 — Mitigation: what should Bitcoin do to prepare for quantum? 1:11:54 — Hash-based vs lattice-based signatures: Dan's case for lattice 1:23:15 — ZK proofs, BIP361, and what to do with Satoshi's coins 1:31:52 — Encrypted mempools and MEV 1:38:29 — Why Bitcoin will survive quantum and Dan's message to Bitcoin builders

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

114,788 views • 3 months ago

BITCOIN RAILS EPISODE #18: MAKE BITCOIN QUANTUM RESISTANT | with BIP360 author Hunter Beast Hunter Beast 🕯️ Quantum computing is a complicated topic—one that incites equal amounts of fear and skepticism depending on who you talk to… especially in Bitcoin. In this episode, BIP360 author Hunter Beast wisely shares why the “truth is likely somewhere in the middle,” citing incremental advancements in quantum computing that may eventually pose a legitimate threat to some Bitcoin addresses—as well as steps we can take to protect ourselves in the short, medium and long term. The correct posture is to “be prepared, not scared,” says Hunter Beast 🕯️ Ultimately, the introduction of quantum resistant cryptography—via proposals like BIP360—will be needed for higher degrees of security. That said, individuals can mitigate personal risk substantially through proper address-use hygiene. This episode breaks down the specific challenges Bitcoin will face in the event of a quantum attack, the likelihood of an attack over time, and the steps we’ll need to take at the individual and communal level to ensure Bitcoin’s safety. This episode includes detailed discussion of: 1) How quantum computing could potentially affect Bitcoin public/private key cryptography—and technologies built on vulnerable addresses (e.g. Taproot) 2) Best practices for protecting yourself against quantum in the short and long term 3) Implications of vulnerable address types—e.g. what about Satoshi’s coins? 4) Deep Dive into BIP360 + proposed long-term solutions 5) Industry roadmaps for quantum computing + how banks and governments are preparing for “Q Day” As always, this episode can be viewed on Spotify or YouTuve—full episode in the comments or linktree in my bio. This episode is powered by Best In Slot—the leading API for Ordinals and BRC20 data aggregation and indexing. TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Intro 02:05 What is quantum computing? 04:30 How could quantum threaten your Bitcoin wallet? 06:50 Addresses that are safe from quantum 09:13 Satoshi’s coins are in danger! 11:25 What happens if Satoshi’s coins are touched? 14:45 Do we softfork to shield Satoshi’s coins? 16:38 “Transitory inflation” for bitcoin after quantum 21:05 Why Taproot addresses are vulnerable 23:50 Do NOT reuse your Bitcoin addresses! 26:03 When will Quantum become a threat? 28:34 The long/short exposure attack; explained 31:45 Protection using private mempools 33:20 Why all the new Bitcoin L2s are in danger 37:45 Quantum is 5 to 10 years away, governments fear 40:34 Non-Bitcoin systems threatened by quantum 42:26 Centralized systems can adapt to quantum 43:50 Hunter’s BIP: Post quantum cryptography in Bitcoin 47:40 Hunter’s three new signature algorithms 53:48 Is new cryptography on Bitcoin risky? 56:33 Why not just stick to hash-based cryptography? 58:49 A 16X discount for quantum resistant addresses? 01:02:30 Creating quantum resistant multisig addresses 01:04:00 What is Frost? 01:06:50 The long process of approving a BIP 01:08:30 What developers think of Hunter’s BIP 01:10:00 Matt Corallo’s concerns with Hunter’s approach 01:11:00 Steps to implementing the BIP 360 01:17:00 Where to learn more about BIP 360 01:17:50 Who can push the button to change Bitcoin?
1:23:12

BITCOIN RAILS EPISODE #18: MAKE BITCOIN QUANTUM RESISTANT | with BIP360 author Hunter Beast Hunter Beast 🕯️ Quantum computing is a complicated topic—one that incites equal amounts of fear and skepticism depending on who you talk to… especially in Bitcoin. In this episode, BIP360 author Hunter Beast wisely shares why the “truth is likely somewhere in the middle,” citing incremental advancements in quantum computing that may eventually pose a legitimate threat to some Bitcoin addresses—as well as steps we can take to protect ourselves in the short, medium and long term. The correct posture is to “be prepared, not scared,” says Hunter Beast 🕯️ Ultimately, the introduction of quantum resistant cryptography—via proposals like BIP360—will be needed for higher degrees of security. That said, individuals can mitigate personal risk substantially through proper address-use hygiene. This episode breaks down the specific challenges Bitcoin will face in the event of a quantum attack, the likelihood of an attack over time, and the steps we’ll need to take at the individual and communal level to ensure Bitcoin’s safety. This episode includes detailed discussion of: 1) How quantum computing could potentially affect Bitcoin public/private key cryptography—and technologies built on vulnerable addresses (e.g. Taproot) 2) Best practices for protecting yourself against quantum in the short and long term 3) Implications of vulnerable address types—e.g. what about Satoshi’s coins? 4) Deep Dive into BIP360 + proposed long-term solutions 5) Industry roadmaps for quantum computing + how banks and governments are preparing for “Q Day” As always, this episode can be viewed on Spotify or YouTuve—full episode in the comments or linktree in my bio. This episode is powered by Best In Slot—the leading API for Ordinals and BRC20 data aggregation and indexing. TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 Intro 02:05 What is quantum computing? 04:30 How could quantum threaten your Bitcoin wallet? 06:50 Addresses that are safe from quantum 09:13 Satoshi’s coins are in danger! 11:25 What happens if Satoshi’s coins are touched? 14:45 Do we softfork to shield Satoshi’s coins? 16:38 “Transitory inflation” for bitcoin after quantum 21:05 Why Taproot addresses are vulnerable 23:50 Do NOT reuse your Bitcoin addresses! 26:03 When will Quantum become a threat? 28:34 The long/short exposure attack; explained 31:45 Protection using private mempools 33:20 Why all the new Bitcoin L2s are in danger 37:45 Quantum is 5 to 10 years away, governments fear 40:34 Non-Bitcoin systems threatened by quantum 42:26 Centralized systems can adapt to quantum 43:50 Hunter’s BIP: Post quantum cryptography in Bitcoin 47:40 Hunter’s three new signature algorithms 53:48 Is new cryptography on Bitcoin risky? 56:33 Why not just stick to hash-based cryptography? 58:49 A 16X discount for quantum resistant addresses? 01:02:30 Creating quantum resistant multisig addresses 01:04:00 What is Frost? 01:06:50 The long process of approving a BIP 01:08:30 What developers think of Hunter’s BIP 01:10:00 Matt Corallo’s concerns with Hunter’s approach 01:11:00 Steps to implementing the BIP 360 01:17:00 Where to learn more about BIP 360 01:17:50 Who can push the button to change Bitcoin?

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

31,148 views • 1 year ago

.Sui has a massive headstart and the most flexible architecture for the post-quantum and AI era. This conversation with Kostas Kryptos tells you exactly why, and what every other chain still has to figure out. If you hold anything onchain, watch this pod. Timestamps: 0:00 Intro 6:00 What a quantum computer actually is (the 10-year-old version) 10:00 Quantum will be used for trading before it ever breaks Bitcoin? 13:00 Post-quantum algorithms (solved) vs hardware (decades out) 17:00 "If you think quantum breaks crypto by 2030, you can make free money" 19:00 Everyone missed this: AI is now researching quantum alongside humans 25:00 The post-quantum-algorithm debate: Falcon, Dilithium, Sphincs and why each chain picks differently 27:00 Why Bitcoin will ONLY adopt hash-based post-quantum algorithms 31:00 This is why Sui's architecture wins: 128KB transactions, native multi-sig, flexible authenticator 36:00 How Sui can natively support any signature scheme 40:00 The Sui-only algorithm: protect existing EdDSA addresses without moving a coin 44:00 Design philosophy: what Sui kept from Libra, and what it threw out 47:00 Why Sui can keep gas low even with post-quantum signatures 49:00 How Kostas first started working on this in 2016 at R3 Corda 51:00 Attending tech conference one day after his son was born: meeting Sam Blackshear , joining Libra 55:00 The bigger near-term threat: AI-aided attacks, not quantum 58:00 Why Mysten Labs is now sharing its security tooling with the community 1:02:00 Sui's $100K post-quantum bounty: break it, keep it
1:05:30

.Sui has a massive headstart and the most flexible architecture for the post-quantum and AI era. This conversation with Kostas Kryptos tells you exactly why, and what every other chain still has to figure out. If you hold anything onchain, watch this pod. Timestamps: 0:00 Intro 6:00 What a quantum computer actually is (the 10-year-old version) 10:00 Quantum will be used for trading before it ever breaks Bitcoin? 13:00 Post-quantum algorithms (solved) vs hardware (decades out) 17:00 "If you think quantum breaks crypto by 2030, you can make free money" 19:00 Everyone missed this: AI is now researching quantum alongside humans 25:00 The post-quantum-algorithm debate: Falcon, Dilithium, Sphincs and why each chain picks differently 27:00 Why Bitcoin will ONLY adopt hash-based post-quantum algorithms 31:00 This is why Sui's architecture wins: 128KB transactions, native multi-sig, flexible authenticator 36:00 How Sui can natively support any signature scheme 40:00 The Sui-only algorithm: protect existing EdDSA addresses without moving a coin 44:00 Design philosophy: what Sui kept from Libra, and what it threw out 47:00 Why Sui can keep gas low even with post-quantum signatures 49:00 How Kostas first started working on this in 2016 at R3 Corda 51:00 Attending tech conference one day after his son was born: meeting Sam Blackshear , joining Libra 55:00 The bigger near-term threat: AI-aided attacks, not quantum 58:00 Why Mysten Labs is now sharing its security tooling with the community 1:02:00 Sui's $100K post-quantum bounty: break it, keep it

Sooraj

13,761 views • 3 months ago

“Only two steps” required to make Bitcoin quantum-resistant? In this Unchained episode, Matt Corallo 🟠 joins me to discuss: ❌ Why he thinks Nic Carter is wrong about the quantum threat to Bitcoin ⛔ Why he disagrees with Nic on his ranking of Bitcoin’s most influential developers 😱 Why “the community at that time” will deal with the quantum threat 🥷 Why making bitcoin post-quantum might require a block size increase 🔥 Why he believes “you burn old lost coins, you burn anyone who hasn't migrated” Timestamps: 🚀0:00 Introduction ⚔️02:16 What Matt says Nic is getting wrong about the quantum threat to Bitcoin 🤔08:59 What Matt says Bitcoin's quantum security roadmap could look like 🫠19:04 Do Bitcoin Core developers have any timelines? 🤯29:34 Are there only two steps required to quantum-proof Bitcoin? 📍34:04 Matt weighs in on public comments from other Bitcoin developers on the quantum threat ⁉️47:37 Why Bitcoin Core has not announced a quantum team 👀53:57 Can BlackRock “fire” Bitcoin developers? 💫58:07 What Matt says is the North Star for Bitcoin developers 🔥1:07:42 What Matt thinks will happen to lost bitcoins 🤔1:08:26 Is there any plan to secure Bitcoin against AI? 👀1:11:31 Will Bitcoin and Ethereum align on quantum security?
1:17:34

“Only two steps” required to make Bitcoin quantum-resistant? In this Unchained episode, Matt Corallo 🟠 joins me to discuss: ❌ Why he thinks Nic Carter is wrong about the quantum threat to Bitcoin ⛔ Why he disagrees with Nic on his ranking of Bitcoin’s most influential developers 😱 Why “the community at that time” will deal with the quantum threat 🥷 Why making bitcoin post-quantum might require a block size increase 🔥 Why he believes “you burn old lost coins, you burn anyone who hasn't migrated” Timestamps: 🚀0:00 Introduction ⚔️02:16 What Matt says Nic is getting wrong about the quantum threat to Bitcoin 🤔08:59 What Matt says Bitcoin's quantum security roadmap could look like 🫠19:04 Do Bitcoin Core developers have any timelines? 🤯29:34 Are there only two steps required to quantum-proof Bitcoin? 📍34:04 Matt weighs in on public comments from other Bitcoin developers on the quantum threat ⁉️47:37 Why Bitcoin Core has not announced a quantum team 👀53:57 Can BlackRock “fire” Bitcoin developers? 💫58:07 What Matt says is the North Star for Bitcoin developers 🔥1:07:42 What Matt thinks will happen to lost bitcoins 🤔1:08:26 Is there any plan to secure Bitcoin against AI? 👀1:11:31 Will Bitcoin and Ethereum align on quantum security?

Laura Shin

19,795 views • 6 months ago

Bitcoin Rails x MARA Foundation presents: THE POLITICS OF POST-QUANTUM BITCOIN | with Nic Carter 🔗 YouTube: 🌿Spotify: Less than nine months ago, investor and researcher nic carter sparked one of the most heated debates in Bitcoin's recent history — when he published a series of essays arguing that the network should prepare for its post-quantum transition sooner rather than later. While the essays broadly persuaded investors and institutions, many of Bitcoin's technical leaders dismissed them as alarmist — that is, until Google's quantum resource estimates were updated just a few months later. Crediting Google's paper with "shifting the Overton Window" on quantum and strengthening the case for post-quantum preparation, Nic shares his thoughts on the delicate politics surrounding this transition — and how he believes a quantum attack and response could potentially play out in practice. In more detail, this special episode of Bitcoin Rails X MARA Foundation TV covers: - How a quantum attack could realistically unfold + the different ways stakeholder groups might respond - The constitutional tensions surfaced by quantum vulnerable coins and how incentives will ultimately dictate outcomes - How a state actor could facilitate "benevolent" quantum recovery and eliminate the need for a contentious fork - The role and influence of institutional investors as key players in quantum outcomes - How Bitcoin's post-quantum transition could permanently reshape Bitcoin’s governance structures ...or build them from the ground up TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro 00:18 — Nick's path from Fidelity to founding Castle Island 07:00 — How quantum went from FUD to Nick's biggest concern 12:45 — Why Core devs refuse to be accountable 26:09 — Investors vs developers: who took quantum seriously first 32:33 — Bitcoin's "pre-constitutional" governance problem 39:18 — Satoshi's coins: liquidate, burn, slow-bleed, or let the government take them 47:36 — Why there will never be another Bitcoin fork war 01:01:35 — Bitcoin is about to choose the wrong signature scheme 01:09:42 — The actual deadline: why PQ signatures need to ship in 2026 01:13:09 — The happy path, the coup, and why Bitcoin won't die
1:15:19

Bitcoin Rails x MARA Foundation presents: THE POLITICS OF POST-QUANTUM BITCOIN | with Nic Carter 🔗 YouTube: 🌿Spotify: Less than nine months ago, investor and researcher nic carter sparked one of the most heated debates in Bitcoin's recent history — when he published a series of essays arguing that the network should prepare for its post-quantum transition sooner rather than later. While the essays broadly persuaded investors and institutions, many of Bitcoin's technical leaders dismissed them as alarmist — that is, until Google's quantum resource estimates were updated just a few months later. Crediting Google's paper with "shifting the Overton Window" on quantum and strengthening the case for post-quantum preparation, Nic shares his thoughts on the delicate politics surrounding this transition — and how he believes a quantum attack and response could potentially play out in practice. In more detail, this special episode of Bitcoin Rails X MARA Foundation TV covers: - How a quantum attack could realistically unfold + the different ways stakeholder groups might respond - The constitutional tensions surfaced by quantum vulnerable coins and how incentives will ultimately dictate outcomes - How a state actor could facilitate "benevolent" quantum recovery and eliminate the need for a contentious fork - The role and influence of institutional investors as key players in quantum outcomes - How Bitcoin's post-quantum transition could permanently reshape Bitcoin’s governance structures ...or build them from the ground up TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro 00:18 — Nick's path from Fidelity to founding Castle Island 07:00 — How quantum went from FUD to Nick's biggest concern 12:45 — Why Core devs refuse to be accountable 26:09 — Investors vs developers: who took quantum seriously first 32:33 — Bitcoin's "pre-constitutional" governance problem 39:18 — Satoshi's coins: liquidate, burn, slow-bleed, or let the government take them 47:36 — Why there will never be another Bitcoin fork war 01:01:35 — Bitcoin is about to choose the wrong signature scheme 01:09:42 — The actual deadline: why PQ signatures need to ship in 2026 01:13:09 — The happy path, the coup, and why Bitcoin won't die

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

50,840 views • 1 month ago

LIVE NOW - Ethereum’s Quantum Plan Before Q-Day Quantum is no longer a distant thought experiment. Justin Drake joins Bankless to unpack: - when Q-Day could actually arriv,e - why Bitcoin and Ethereum face very different quantum risks, - what Ethereum’s post-quantum roadmap looks like, - why this upgrade could be bigger than the Merge, - and how quantum could become Ethereum’s chance to lead. --- TIMESTAMPS 0:00 When is Q-Day? 5:35 The moment quantum becomes crypto-relevant 10:11 How many qubits does it take to break crypto? 16:22 What a real Bitcoin quantum attack would look like 20:19 How much Bitcoin is actually vulnerable? 26:26 Burn, freeze, or salvage? Bitcoin’s impossible choice 35:06 Proof of seed phrase and Bitcoin’s post-quantum bottleneck 41:02 Ethereum’s exposure: smaller, but not zero 45:43 Ethereum’s tougher roadmap: three layers, three upgrades 50:29 The execution-layer plan: replace ECDSA without killing throughput 57:56 Post-quantum, post-AI cryptography 1:03:36 BLS, KZG, LeanVM, and the rest of the stack 1:06:42 Is this bigger than the Merge? 1:17:21 If Bitcoin stumbles, does all crypto stumble too? 1:19:35 “Quantum is not a challenge—it’s an opportunity” 1:21:27 AI, quantum, crypto and the 2032 convergence 1:28:04 Harvest now, decrypt later 1:30:09 Defensive accelerationism and Ethereum’s role 1:39:10 Stoicism, P-doom, and why he keeps building
1:44:00

LIVE NOW - Ethereum’s Quantum Plan Before Q-Day Quantum is no longer a distant thought experiment. Justin Drake joins Bankless to unpack: - when Q-Day could actually arriv,e - why Bitcoin and Ethereum face very different quantum risks, - what Ethereum’s post-quantum roadmap looks like, - why this upgrade could be bigger than the Merge, - and how quantum could become Ethereum’s chance to lead. --- TIMESTAMPS 0:00 When is Q-Day? 5:35 The moment quantum becomes crypto-relevant 10:11 How many qubits does it take to break crypto? 16:22 What a real Bitcoin quantum attack would look like 20:19 How much Bitcoin is actually vulnerable? 26:26 Burn, freeze, or salvage? Bitcoin’s impossible choice 35:06 Proof of seed phrase and Bitcoin’s post-quantum bottleneck 41:02 Ethereum’s exposure: smaller, but not zero 45:43 Ethereum’s tougher roadmap: three layers, three upgrades 50:29 The execution-layer plan: replace ECDSA without killing throughput 57:56 Post-quantum, post-AI cryptography 1:03:36 BLS, KZG, LeanVM, and the rest of the stack 1:06:42 Is this bigger than the Merge? 1:17:21 If Bitcoin stumbles, does all crypto stumble too? 1:19:35 “Quantum is not a challenge—it’s an opportunity” 1:21:27 AI, quantum, crypto and the 2032 convergence 1:28:04 Harvest now, decrypt later 1:30:09 Defensive accelerationism and Ethereum’s role 1:39:10 Stoicism, P-doom, and why he keeps building

Bankless

50,065 views • 5 months ago

BITCOIN RAILS #34: Bitcoin’s Security & Quantum Risks—and the Future of Satoshi’s Coins | with Jameson Lopp Jameson Lopp “Most people don’t think about security until it’s too late,” says the Casa co-founder and CSO. One of the most prolific thought-leaders in Bitcoin security and privacy, there are few people who understand the nuances of Bitcoin security quite as deeply - not to mention the OPSEC practices required to protect against wrench attacks, for instance, which are rising globally as Bitcoin price increases. More recently, Lopp has turned his attention to mitigating Bitcoin’s quantum vulnerabilities, including market risks associated with quantum-vulnerable Satoshi’s Coins + longer-term strategies for quantum-hardening of Bitcoin addresses long term. In this special episode of Bitcoin Rails, we cover: - Lopp’s experiences designing self-custody products at both BitGo and Casa - The swatting attack he suffered in 2017, and the radical steps he’s taken to secure his home location since - The ‘quantum computing’ challenge for Bitcoin and its impacts on Satoshi’s Coins - How the network may respond to QCs in the face of ossification and why QC preparation may be the hardest governance test the network has ever faced This episode is powered by: - Best In Slot (Best in Slot | BRC2.0 🧑‍🍳), the leading API for Ordinals and BRC20 data aggregation and indexing - Spark (Lightspark), a statechains implementation leading the path towards institutional adoption of Bitcoin-powered payments - Citrea (Citrea), the leading Bitcoin Rollup technology and contributor to the BitVM alliance 📌 Timestamps 00:00 – Intro: Quantum Computing Meets Bitcoin 00:19 – Jameson Lopp on the Bitcoin Rails 00:53 – The Quantum Threat to Bitcoin Security 06:32 – Lopp’s Path into Bitcoin & Security 12:58 – The Swatting Attack During the Block Size Wars 25:28 – Could Quantum Crack Satoshi’s Coins? 43:55 – Announcements & Sponsors Messages 45:30 – Building Bitcoin’s Quantum Resistance 47:00 – QBTC and the Push for Quantum-Resistant Bitcoin 48:43 – Why Changing Bitcoin Is So Hard 51:19 – Email Protocols, Ossification, and Bitcoin’s Future 01:01:53 – A Roadmap for Quantum Resistance
1:27:58

BITCOIN RAILS #34: Bitcoin’s Security & Quantum Risks—and the Future of Satoshi’s Coins | with Jameson Lopp Jameson Lopp “Most people don’t think about security until it’s too late,” says the Casa co-founder and CSO. One of the most prolific thought-leaders in Bitcoin security and privacy, there are few people who understand the nuances of Bitcoin security quite as deeply - not to mention the OPSEC practices required to protect against wrench attacks, for instance, which are rising globally as Bitcoin price increases. More recently, Lopp has turned his attention to mitigating Bitcoin’s quantum vulnerabilities, including market risks associated with quantum-vulnerable Satoshi’s Coins + longer-term strategies for quantum-hardening of Bitcoin addresses long term. In this special episode of Bitcoin Rails, we cover: - Lopp’s experiences designing self-custody products at both BitGo and Casa - The swatting attack he suffered in 2017, and the radical steps he’s taken to secure his home location since - The ‘quantum computing’ challenge for Bitcoin and its impacts on Satoshi’s Coins - How the network may respond to QCs in the face of ossification and why QC preparation may be the hardest governance test the network has ever faced This episode is powered by: - Best In Slot (Best in Slot | BRC2.0 🧑‍🍳), the leading API for Ordinals and BRC20 data aggregation and indexing - Spark (Lightspark), a statechains implementation leading the path towards institutional adoption of Bitcoin-powered payments - Citrea (Citrea), the leading Bitcoin Rollup technology and contributor to the BitVM alliance 📌 Timestamps 00:00 – Intro: Quantum Computing Meets Bitcoin 00:19 – Jameson Lopp on the Bitcoin Rails 00:53 – The Quantum Threat to Bitcoin Security 06:32 – Lopp’s Path into Bitcoin & Security 12:58 – The Swatting Attack During the Block Size Wars 25:28 – Could Quantum Crack Satoshi’s Coins? 43:55 – Announcements & Sponsors Messages 45:30 – Building Bitcoin’s Quantum Resistance 47:00 – QBTC and the Push for Quantum-Resistant Bitcoin 48:43 – Why Changing Bitcoin Is So Hard 51:19 – Email Protocols, Ossification, and Bitcoin’s Future 01:01:53 – A Roadmap for Quantum Resistance

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

14,538 views • 11 months ago

On the Trade Secrets, Nansen 🧭 CEO Alex Svanevik Alex Svanevik 🐧 says Bitcoin at $1M could quickly become the new normal once it happens. “It sounds crazy to say Bitcoin at $1M from our vantage point, but I'm sure it sounded crazy to say $100,000 in 2018.” How far can Bitcoin go from here, and how soon? #TRADESECRETS 00:00 – Intro 04:50 – How can traders profit from BNB? 06:15 – Is HYPE actually different from other overhyped altcoins? 07:52 – How high can HYPE realistically go? 10:20 – Why the Solana memecoin narrative is "ridiculous" 13:15 – How would a Robinhood token perform? 15:20 – Has Bitcoin already found its bottom? 16:40 – Why Michael Saylor has "de-risked" his Bitcoin strategy 19:30 – Where is Bitcoin headed for the rest of 2026? 23:15 – Bitcoin developers roadmap for quantum would push Bitcoin’s price 27:00 – Could Bitcoin hit $1 million by 2030? 31:00 – What happens if the CLARITY Act fails?
34:44

On the Trade Secrets, Nansen 🧭 CEO Alex Svanevik Alex Svanevik 🐧 says Bitcoin at $1M could quickly become the new normal once it happens. “It sounds crazy to say Bitcoin at $1M from our vantage point, but I'm sure it sounded crazy to say $100,000 in 2018.” How far can Bitcoin go from here, and how soon? #TRADESECRETS 00:00 – Intro 04:50 – How can traders profit from BNB? 06:15 – Is HYPE actually different from other overhyped altcoins? 07:52 – How high can HYPE realistically go? 10:20 – Why the Solana memecoin narrative is "ridiculous" 13:15 – How would a Robinhood token perform? 15:20 – Has Bitcoin already found its bottom? 16:40 – Why Michael Saylor has "de-risked" his Bitcoin strategy 19:30 – Where is Bitcoin headed for the rest of 2026? 23:15 – Bitcoin developers roadmap for quantum would push Bitcoin’s price 27:00 – Could Bitcoin hit $1 million by 2030? 31:00 – What happens if the CLARITY Act fails?

Cointelegraph

72,000 views • 20 days ago

LIVE NOW - Michael Salor’s Master Plan: "Fix the Money, Fix the World." Bitcoin to $21M. Strategy as a digital credit machine. An “8% bank account” for a billion people. Michael Michael Saylor joins Bankless for the first time to unpack: - Bitcoin becomes digital capital - Strategy’s Bitcoin credit machine - Quantum without panic - A new view on Ethereum - The “fix the money” thesis Enjoy the episode! -------------- TIMESTAMPS 0:00 Intro 1:00 Michael Saylor’s $21M Bitcoin thesis 4:33 What has to go right for Bitcoin to get there 11:00 Has Bitcoin adoption stalled out? 13:20 Why STRC became Strategy’s breakout product 18:05 The pitch behind a Bitcoin-backed money market 21:13 How STRC is engineered to stay stable 27:31 Where the 11.5% yield comes from 36:35 Is Strategy taking too much risk? 46:50 Does Strategy ever stop buying Bitcoin? 58:48 Quantum, panic, and the Bitcoin response 1:16:18 Michael Saylor on Ethereum today 1:25:46 “Fix the money, fix the world” 1:38:39 The crypto reactor and Strategy’s endgame
1:40:50

LIVE NOW - Michael Salor’s Master Plan: "Fix the Money, Fix the World." Bitcoin to $21M. Strategy as a digital credit machine. An “8% bank account” for a billion people. Michael Michael Saylor joins Bankless for the first time to unpack: - Bitcoin becomes digital capital - Strategy’s Bitcoin credit machine - Quantum without panic - A new view on Ethereum - The “fix the money” thesis Enjoy the episode! -------------- TIMESTAMPS 0:00 Intro 1:00 Michael Saylor’s $21M Bitcoin thesis 4:33 What has to go right for Bitcoin to get there 11:00 Has Bitcoin adoption stalled out? 13:20 Why STRC became Strategy’s breakout product 18:05 The pitch behind a Bitcoin-backed money market 21:13 How STRC is engineered to stay stable 27:31 Where the 11.5% yield comes from 36:35 Is Strategy taking too much risk? 46:50 Does Strategy ever stop buying Bitcoin? 58:48 Quantum, panic, and the Bitcoin response 1:16:18 Michael Saylor on Ethereum today 1:25:46 “Fix the money, fix the world” 1:38:39 The crypto reactor and Strategy’s endgame

Bankless

518,352 views • 4 months ago

I Spent 15,000 Hours Trying to KILL Bitcoin | Jeff Booth ⚡️ 00:00 Jeff Booth's Core Thesis Hasn't Changed 03:18 Why Free Markets Are Naturally Deflationary 06:23 Why Current System Can't Survive Deflation 11:19 AI Is Accelerating the Shift Toward Abundance 14:42 Why Bitcoin Is the Exit From the Current System 17:02 Bitcoin's Bear Market, Coldcard Exploit & BIP-110 25:15 Bitcoin's Base Layer Should Stay Narrow 27:19 Is Bitcoin Still Decentralized and Secure? 34:31 The Problem With Bitcoin Treasury Companies 36:20 Why Bitcoin Yield Could Be a Trap 38:09 Building a New Financial System Around Bitcoin 43:36 How Orange Juice Uses Cash Flow to Buy Bitcoin 45:30 What Happens to Bitcoin Treasury Companies? 48:37 The Hidden Risk of Leverage Around Bitcoin 56:17 What a System Based on Truth Looks Like 57:31 How Bitcoin Adoption Happens From Here 58:12 Why Bitcoin Adoption Will Be Messy 59:09 Moving Your Time and Energy Into Bitcoin 1:01:36 Why Bitcoin's Privacy Problem Is Being Solved 1:01:57 Final Thoughts
1:03:39

I Spent 15,000 Hours Trying to KILL Bitcoin | Jeff Booth ⚡️ 00:00 Jeff Booth's Core Thesis Hasn't Changed 03:18 Why Free Markets Are Naturally Deflationary 06:23 Why Current System Can't Survive Deflation 11:19 AI Is Accelerating the Shift Toward Abundance 14:42 Why Bitcoin Is the Exit From the Current System 17:02 Bitcoin's Bear Market, Coldcard Exploit & BIP-110 25:15 Bitcoin's Base Layer Should Stay Narrow 27:19 Is Bitcoin Still Decentralized and Secure? 34:31 The Problem With Bitcoin Treasury Companies 36:20 Why Bitcoin Yield Could Be a Trap 38:09 Building a New Financial System Around Bitcoin 43:36 How Orange Juice Uses Cash Flow to Buy Bitcoin 45:30 What Happens to Bitcoin Treasury Companies? 48:37 The Hidden Risk of Leverage Around Bitcoin 56:17 What a System Based on Truth Looks Like 57:31 How Bitcoin Adoption Happens From Here 58:12 Why Bitcoin Adoption Will Be Messy 59:09 Moving Your Time and Energy Into Bitcoin 1:01:36 Why Bitcoin's Privacy Problem Is Being Solved 1:01:57 Final Thoughts

The Wolf Of All Streets

167,461 views • 11 days ago

BITCOIN RAILS #38: Two Forces That Could Break Bitcoin: AI vs Quantum I with Martin Shkreli 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: A couple months ago, I co-hosted an X space with LayerTwo Labs re: “Should Bitcoiners care about quantum computing?” You can imagine our surprise when (in?)famous tech investor Martin Shkreli arrived to share that he’s been researching this very question for years… and dropped that he’s been personally considering raising funds to hire a team of mathematicians to hack Satoshi’s Coins. In this episode, Martin and I explore the limits of Bitcoin’s security model and the two forces he believes could potentially challenge it: a computational path driven by advances in quantum hardware, and/or a mathematical path fueled by AI-assisted discovery. This interview additionally shares takes on: - Why hacking Bitcoin would be the "ultimate" mathematical achievement—and why hacking Satoshi’s coins should be considered a “bug bounty” for Bitcoin - Why quantum may be more problematic for Bitcoin than for the traditional tech world (e.g. why quantum doesn’t likely threaten NVIDIA) - The little known history of Bitcoin’s “overflow bug” (yup, Bitcoin *has* been hacked before… an exploit corrected by hard fork). - And of course, why mathematicians do their deepest work in prison 😉 As always, this episode of Bitcoin Rails can be viewed on YouTube or Spotify via the link available in my bio—and is brought to you with the help of my incredible partners: - Best In Slot (Best in Slot | BRC2.0 🧑‍🍳) – the leading API for Ordinals and BRC20 data aggregation and indexing - Spark (Lightspark) – a statechains implementation leading the path towards institutional adoption of Bitcoin-powered payments - Citrea (Citrea) – the leading Bitcoin rollup technology and contributor to the BitVM alliance 📷 Timestamps 00:00 Intro 02:57 Quantum Supremacy and Google’s Breakthroughs 05:02 Bitcoin’s Cryptographic Vulnerabilities 08:24 Studying Math and Cryptography Behind Bars 20:04 Governance and the Culture of Bitcoin Development 26:29 The Future of Quantum and AI in Cryptography 37:42 Hardware Challenges and Fidelity in Quantum 47:57 Game Theory and the Quantum Race 01:04:08 Bitcoin Recovery and the Quantum Security Question 01:08:38 Mathematical Challenges in Breaking Cryptography 01:15:08 The Role of AI in Future Mathematical Breakthroughs
1:28:17

BITCOIN RAILS #38: Two Forces That Could Break Bitcoin: AI vs Quantum I with Martin Shkreli 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: A couple months ago, I co-hosted an X space with LayerTwo Labs re: “Should Bitcoiners care about quantum computing?” You can imagine our surprise when (in?)famous tech investor Martin Shkreli arrived to share that he’s been researching this very question for years… and dropped that he’s been personally considering raising funds to hire a team of mathematicians to hack Satoshi’s Coins. In this episode, Martin and I explore the limits of Bitcoin’s security model and the two forces he believes could potentially challenge it: a computational path driven by advances in quantum hardware, and/or a mathematical path fueled by AI-assisted discovery. This interview additionally shares takes on: - Why hacking Bitcoin would be the "ultimate" mathematical achievement—and why hacking Satoshi’s coins should be considered a “bug bounty” for Bitcoin - Why quantum may be more problematic for Bitcoin than for the traditional tech world (e.g. why quantum doesn’t likely threaten NVIDIA) - The little known history of Bitcoin’s “overflow bug” (yup, Bitcoin *has* been hacked before… an exploit corrected by hard fork). - And of course, why mathematicians do their deepest work in prison 😉 As always, this episode of Bitcoin Rails can be viewed on YouTube or Spotify via the link available in my bio—and is brought to you with the help of my incredible partners: - Best In Slot (Best in Slot | BRC2.0 🧑‍🍳) – the leading API for Ordinals and BRC20 data aggregation and indexing - Spark (Lightspark) – a statechains implementation leading the path towards institutional adoption of Bitcoin-powered payments - Citrea (Citrea) – the leading Bitcoin rollup technology and contributor to the BitVM alliance 📷 Timestamps 00:00 Intro 02:57 Quantum Supremacy and Google’s Breakthroughs 05:02 Bitcoin’s Cryptographic Vulnerabilities 08:24 Studying Math and Cryptography Behind Bars 20:04 Governance and the Culture of Bitcoin Development 26:29 The Future of Quantum and AI in Cryptography 37:42 Hardware Challenges and Fidelity in Quantum 47:57 Game Theory and the Quantum Race 01:04:08 Bitcoin Recovery and the Quantum Security Question 01:08:38 Mathematical Challenges in Breaking Cryptography 01:15:08 The Role of AI in Future Mathematical Breakthroughs

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

62,881 views • 10 months ago

BITCOIN RAILS #36: The Birth Story of ‘OPCAT’ | with proposal co-author Ethan ✨ is on BlueSky✨ Heilman 🐱 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: As interest in Bitcoin Layer 2s skyrockets, the inclusion of OP_CAT — an opcode enabling concatenation of elements in the Bitcoin stack — has become a key technical upgrade to watch for its potential in the development of trustless bridges. OP_CAT co-author Ethan ✨ is on BlueSky✨ Heilman 🐱 and I sat down to discuss debate around this opcode — including why it’s controversial, the cultural environment shaping its future, and why some worry its broad expressivity could pose “unknown risks” to Bitcoin over time. More recently, Ethan co-authored BIP 360 with Hunter Beast 🕯️ — another controversial proposal aimed at addressing Bitcoin’s quantum vulnerabilities. Suffice it to say, there are few people with Ethan's experience in navigating Bitcoin politics and its shifting governance landscape as we move towards ossification over time. In this episode, we cover: - The origins of OP_CAT and why it was included and removed from early Bitcoin - What makes OP_CAT so powerful (and why that worries some developers) - Cultural shifts in Bitcoin governance as its developer community matures - The ‘great covenants debate’ + OPCAT vs. CTV - The path to BIP 360 and why Bitcoin should be ‘quantum ready’ This episode is powered by: - Best In Slot (Best in Slot | BRC2.0 🧑‍🍳), the leading API for Ordinals and BRC20 data aggregation and indexing - Spark (Lightspark), a statechains implementation leading the path towards institutional adoption of Bitcoin-powered payments - Citrea (Citrea), the leading Bitcoin Rollup technology and contributor to the BitVM alliance 📍 Timestamps 00:00 – Intro 00:45 – Bitcoin Privacy and the OP_CAT Proposal 03:18 – Technical Challenges of Adding New Opcodes 07:37 – Politics and Culture of Bitcoin Upgrades 28:46 – Quantum Computing Meets Bitcoin 37:48 – How Governments View Quantum Risk 39:06 – Breaking Down BIP 360 for Developers 42:03 – Post-Quantum Signature Schemes Explained 45:18 – Trade-offs in Quantum Security for Bitcoin 53:16 – Community Reactions to BIP 360 01:00:23 – The Future of Bitcoin in a Post Quantum World
1:08:25

BITCOIN RAILS #36: The Birth Story of ‘OPCAT’ | with proposal co-author Ethan ✨ is on BlueSky✨ Heilman 🐱 🔗 YOUTUBE: 🌿 SPOTIFY: As interest in Bitcoin Layer 2s skyrockets, the inclusion of OP_CAT — an opcode enabling concatenation of elements in the Bitcoin stack — has become a key technical upgrade to watch for its potential in the development of trustless bridges. OP_CAT co-author Ethan ✨ is on BlueSky✨ Heilman 🐱 and I sat down to discuss debate around this opcode — including why it’s controversial, the cultural environment shaping its future, and why some worry its broad expressivity could pose “unknown risks” to Bitcoin over time. More recently, Ethan co-authored BIP 360 with Hunter Beast 🕯️ — another controversial proposal aimed at addressing Bitcoin’s quantum vulnerabilities. Suffice it to say, there are few people with Ethan's experience in navigating Bitcoin politics and its shifting governance landscape as we move towards ossification over time. In this episode, we cover: - The origins of OP_CAT and why it was included and removed from early Bitcoin - What makes OP_CAT so powerful (and why that worries some developers) - Cultural shifts in Bitcoin governance as its developer community matures - The ‘great covenants debate’ + OPCAT vs. CTV - The path to BIP 360 and why Bitcoin should be ‘quantum ready’ This episode is powered by: - Best In Slot (Best in Slot | BRC2.0 🧑‍🍳), the leading API for Ordinals and BRC20 data aggregation and indexing - Spark (Lightspark), a statechains implementation leading the path towards institutional adoption of Bitcoin-powered payments - Citrea (Citrea), the leading Bitcoin Rollup technology and contributor to the BitVM alliance 📍 Timestamps 00:00 – Intro 00:45 – Bitcoin Privacy and the OP_CAT Proposal 03:18 – Technical Challenges of Adding New Opcodes 07:37 – Politics and Culture of Bitcoin Upgrades 28:46 – Quantum Computing Meets Bitcoin 37:48 – How Governments View Quantum Risk 39:06 – Breaking Down BIP 360 for Developers 42:03 – Post-Quantum Signature Schemes Explained 45:18 – Trade-offs in Quantum Security for Bitcoin 53:16 – Community Reactions to BIP 360 01:00:23 – The Future of Bitcoin in a Post Quantum World

Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️

13,231 views • 11 months ago

MFTV #12: Investor Sentiment on Bitcoin's Quantum Transition | with BlackRock Digital Assets' Will Su 🔗 YouTube: 🔗 Spotify: According to Director of Research for BlackRock Digital Assets, Will Su, uncertainty around advances in quantum computing may be the biggest unanswered question facing prospective Bitcoin investors today. He speaks with Head of MARA Foundation Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️ in this episode — sharing how BlackRock thinks about quantum risk, how their clients are responding to quantum advancements, and what Bitcoin developers can do to preserve investor confidence as this technology evolves. MORE ON MFTV WITH BLACKROCK → - How BlackRock evaluates risks associated with Quantum Computing - How investors are pricing these risks and effects on adoption today - What investors want to see from developers to feel comfortable going forward - How BlackRock views the "quantum timeline" and developers' race against the clock TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro 00:57 — Will before BlackRock 06:50 — Why BlackRock published a quantum paper 14:24 — The mitigation timeline debate 21:51 — What BlackRock wants from the PQ debate 29:27 — Why quantum concern is dampening adoption 41:18 — Developers stepping up 45:53 — Hardware and hybrid quantum architectures 53:15 — Are corporations overstepping? 59:38 — Corporate involvement in Bitcoin's PQ transition
1:07:19

MFTV #12: Investor Sentiment on Bitcoin's Quantum Transition | with BlackRock Digital Assets' Will Su 🔗 YouTube: 🔗 Spotify: According to Director of Research for BlackRock Digital Assets, Will Su, uncertainty around advances in quantum computing may be the biggest unanswered question facing prospective Bitcoin investors today. He speaks with Head of MARA Foundation Isabel Foxen Duke⚡️ in this episode — sharing how BlackRock thinks about quantum risk, how their clients are responding to quantum advancements, and what Bitcoin developers can do to preserve investor confidence as this technology evolves. MORE ON MFTV WITH BLACKROCK → - How BlackRock evaluates risks associated with Quantum Computing - How investors are pricing these risks and effects on adoption today - What investors want to see from developers to feel comfortable going forward - How BlackRock views the "quantum timeline" and developers' race against the clock TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 — Intro 00:57 — Will before BlackRock 06:50 — Why BlackRock published a quantum paper 14:24 — The mitigation timeline debate 21:51 — What BlackRock wants from the PQ debate 29:27 — Why quantum concern is dampening adoption 41:18 — Developers stepping up 45:53 — Hardware and hybrid quantum architectures 53:15 — Are corporations overstepping? 59:38 — Corporate involvement in Bitcoin's PQ transition

MARA Foundation

11,992 views • 1 month ago

Anthony Towns (Anthony Towns) and Mikhail Kudinov (Mikhail Kudinov) joined Optech to discuss Newsletter #386. A notice about the wallet migration bug in Bitcoin Core was discussed at (56:30) News ● Building a vault using blinded co-signers (1:04:09) ● Peer feature negotiation (1:40) Changing consensus ● Year 2106 timestamp overflow uint64 migration (1:07:47) ● Relax BIP54 timestamp restriction for 2106 soft fork (1:11:36) ● Understanding and mitigating a CTV footgun (1:16:30) ● CTV activation meeting (1:21:00) ● `OP_CHECKCONSOLIDATION` to enable cheaper consolidations (1:23:11) ● Hash-based signatures for Bitcoin's post-quantum future (20:47) Releases and release candidates ● BTCPay Server 2.3.0 (1:28:29) Notable code and documentation changes ● Bitcoin Core #33657 (1:30:25) ● Bitcoin Core #32414 (1:33:23) ● Bitcoin Core #32545 (1:39:18) ● Bitcoin Core #33892 (1:42:13) ● Core Lightning #8784 (1:44:35) ● LND #9489 (1:45:54) ● BIPs #2051 (1:50:09) ● BOLTs #1299 (1:56:39) ● BOLTs #1305 (1:59:46)
2:02:17

Anthony Towns (Anthony Towns) and Mikhail Kudinov (Mikhail Kudinov) joined Optech to discuss Newsletter #386. A notice about the wallet migration bug in Bitcoin Core was discussed at (56:30) News ● Building a vault using blinded co-signers (1:04:09) ● Peer feature negotiation (1:40) Changing consensus ● Year 2106 timestamp overflow uint64 migration (1:07:47) ● Relax BIP54 timestamp restriction for 2106 soft fork (1:11:36) ● Understanding and mitigating a CTV footgun (1:16:30) ● CTV activation meeting (1:21:00) ● `OP_CHECKCONSOLIDATION` to enable cheaper consolidations (1:23:11) ● Hash-based signatures for Bitcoin's post-quantum future (20:47) Releases and release candidates ● BTCPay Server 2.3.0 (1:28:29) Notable code and documentation changes ● Bitcoin Core #33657 (1:30:25) ● Bitcoin Core #32414 (1:33:23) ● Bitcoin Core #32545 (1:39:18) ● Bitcoin Core #33892 (1:42:13) ● Core Lightning #8784 (1:44:35) ● LND #9489 (1:45:54) ● BIPs #2051 (1:50:09) ● BOLTs #1299 (1:56:39) ● BOLTs #1305 (1:59:46)

Bitcoin Optech

48,210 views • 7 months ago